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JLPT N3 Vocabulary
All Vocabulary for JLPT N3
JLPT N3 Vocabulary (1693)
あいにく unfortunately, sorry, but ... あちこち here and there, various places, all around あっ ah, oh, hey! あらゆる all, every ありがとう thank you, thanks あるいは or, either ... or, maybe あんなに to that extent, to that degree, so much いけない bad, wrong, naughty いずれ which, where, who いたずら mischief, prank, trick いただきます thank you (for the meal just served), I receive (this meal) いち place, position, location いつか sometime, someday, one day いつでも always, all the time, at all times いつまでも forever, eternally, for good いらいら to get irritated, to get annoyed, to be on the edge いらっしゃい come, go, stay いわゆる what is called, what you call, what they call うがい gargling, rinsing one's mouth うなる to groan, to moan, to roar うるさい noisy, loud, annoying おしゃべり chattering, talk, idle talk おじいさん grandfather, male senior-citizen, old man おそらく probably, (most) likely, in all likelihood おまえ you, before (a god, nobleman おめでとう congratulations!, well done!, best wishes! おや oh!, oh?, my! お互い each other, one another お昼 lunch, noon, midday お目に掛かる to meet (someone of higher status), to be recognized (esp. by someone of higher status), to be visible お腹 belly, abdomen, stomach かなり considerably, fairly, quite かもしれない may, might, perhaps かわいそう poor, pitiable, pathetic がっかり to be disappointed, to be dejected, to be downhearted きちんと properly, accurately, exactly きつい tough, hard, severe ぐっすり soundly (sleeping), fast (asleep) これら these こんなに so, like this, in this way こんにちは hello, good day, good afternoon ごめんなさい I'm sorry, my apologies, excuse me さっぱり feeling refreshed, feeling relieved, neat さて well, now, then ざっと roughly, approximately, round about しかも moreover, furthermore, nevertheless しきりに frequently, repeatedly, often したがって therefore, consequently, accordingly しばしば often, again and again, frequently しまう to finish, to stop, to end しまった darn it!, darn!, oops! しゃべる to talk, to chat, to chatter じっと motionlessly (e.g. stand, wait), (be) still すごい terrible, dreadful, amazing (e.g. of strength) すてき lovely, wonderful, nice すなわち that is (to say), namely, i.e. すみません excuse me, pardon me, I'm sorry ずっと continuously, the whole time, all the way そこで so, accordingly, now そっくり all, altogether, entirely そっと softly, gently, quietly そのうち before very long, soon, someday そのまま without change, as is, just like それぞれ each, respectively それでも but (still), and yet, nevertheless それと and then, in addition to that, also それとも or, or else ただ ordinary, common, usual たっぷり plentifully, amply, abundantly たとえ even if, no matter (what), if たびたび often, again and again, over and over again たまらない intolerable, unbearable, unendurable だが but, however, (and) yet だけど but, however, although だって after all, because, but ちゃんと diligently, seriously, earnestly ちょうだい receiving, getting, accepting つまり that is to say, that is, in other words で coming out, going out, outflow できれば if possible ですから so, therefore, accordingly ところが even so, however, still ところで by the way, incidentally, well とにかく anyway, anyhow, at any rate とん tap, knock, bonk とんでもない unthinkable, unexpected, absurd どうか please, if you would, would you mind どうしても by all means, at any cost, no matter what どこか somewhere, in some respects, in some way どんな what kind of, what sort of, what どんなに how, how much, to what extent なお still, yet, more なかなか very, considerably, easily なぜなら because, the reason is, if you want to know why にっこり sweetly (smiling), broadly (grinning) ね sound, tone, note のんびり at leisure, in a relaxed manner, in a carefree manner はあ yes, indeed, well はさみ scissors, shears, clippers ばったり with a clash, with a thud, with a bang ぴったり tightly, closely, exactly ふと suddenly, casually, accidentally ほぼ almost, roughly, approximately ぼんやり dimly, faintly, indistinctly まあ just (e.g. "just wait here"), come now, now まさか by no means, never!, well まさに exactly, just, precisely ますます increasingly, more and more, decreasingly (when declining) まるで quite, entirely, completely もしも if, in case, supposing やがて before long, soon, shortly やや a little, partially, somewhat よろしく well, properly, suitably わがまま selfish, egoist, self-indulgent わざと on purpose, deliberately, intentionally アイスクリーム ice cream, icecream アイロン iron (for pressing clothes), hair iron, hair tong アルバム album インク ink ウイスキー whisky, whiskey エネルギー energy, energy, strength エンジン engine オフィス office オーバー overcoat, exceeding, going over カー car カード curd キャプテン captain キャンプ camp, camping クラシック classical music, classic, classical クリスマス Christmas クリーム cream, ice cream グラス grass グランド grand, large グループ group (usu. of people) ケース case (container), case (instance, situation) ゲーム game コーチ coach コード chord, string (on an instrument) ゴール Gaul サイン sine サービス service, help, assistance ジェット機 jet aeroplane, jet airplane ジュース juice, soft drink (usu. fruit-based), sweetened drink ジーンズ jeans, denim, jean スイッチ (Nintendo) Switch (video game console) スキー skiing, ski, skis スケート skating (esp. ice), skate, skates スタイル (one's) figure, build, physique スタンド stands, bleachers, stand (e.g. newspaper stand) スター star (actor, athlete, etc.) スピーチ speech スープ (Western) soup セット set (of things), combo, setting up センター centre, center, center fielder タイプライター typewriter タオル towel ダイヤ (railway) schedule, timetable, diagram ダンス dance, dancing チャンス chance, opportunity チーズ cheese, tee (piping), T-joint チーム team テント tent デモ demonstration, protest, (giving a) demo デート date (with someone), (social) outing (for two), date night トップ top, top position, senior management トラック (running) track, track (on a CD, record トランプ (Western) playing cards トンネル tunnel, to tunnel (through a potential barrier), letting a grounder go through one's legs ドライブ drive, trip by car, driving ドラマ (non-documentary) television series, TV drama, teledrama ドレス dress ノック knock, knocking, fungo hitting ノー no, no, without ハイキング hiking ハンサム handsome バイオリン violin バッグ bag バン bang, (with a) bang パイプ pipe, tube, (tobacco) pipe パイロット pilot パス calipers パスポート passport パーセント percent, per cent, percentage ビデオ video (esp. a televised image), videotape, VHS tape ビール beer ピクニック picnic, outing, hike ピン (a) one (on dice or Japanese playing cards), first, top ブレーキ brake, (a) stop (to a development, behavior プラス plus, addition, positive (number) プラン plan, scheme, (payment) plan プロ percent ベルト belt (worn around the waist), (machine) belt, belt ベンチ bench ペンキ paint ホーム home, home base, home plate ボーイ boy, bellboy, porter ボート boat, rowboat, rowing boat ボール board (cardboard, pasteboard, etc.) マイク mike, mic, microphone マスター to master (a skill), proprietor, manager ママ mom, mommy, mum マーケット market ミス myth ミルク milk, infant formula, formula メモ note, memo, memorandum メンバー member, participant, attendee ユーモア humor, humour, joke ヨット yacht (esp. a sailing boat with one mast), sailing boat, sailboat ヨーロッパ Europe ライター writer ラケット racket, paddle (in table-tennis) ロケット locket ワイン wine 一人一人 each (person), individually, one by one 一体 (what) the heck, (why) in the world, (who) on earth 一家 a family, a household, a home 一層 even more, still more, all the more 一度に all at once 一方 one person, ordinary, common 一時 one o'clock, once, at one time 一生 whole life, a lifetime, all through life 一番 pair, couple, brace 一瞬 instant, moment, for an instant 一種 a kind, a sort, a variety 一致 agreement, accord, correspondence 一般 general, universal, ordinary 一言 single word, a few words, brief comment 万一 (unlikely event of) emergency, the worst(-case scenario), 10000 to 1 上京 going (up) to the capital, going to Tokyo 上等 superior, first-class, excellent 上達 improvement (e.g. in skill, ability), advance 下さる to give, to confer, to bestow 下す to take down, to bring down, to lower (a hand 下り down-train, train heading toward the ending point of its route, down-slope 不 negative, non-, bad 不利 disadvantage, handicap, unfavorable position 不可 wrong, bad, improper 不安 anxiety, uneasiness, worry 不平 discontent, dissatisfaction, complaint 不幸 unhappiness, sorrow, misfortune 不思議 wonderful, marvelous, strange 不正 injustice, unfairness, wrongdoing 不満 dissatisfaction, discontent, displeasure 不自由 discomfort, inconvenience, poverty 不足 insufficiency, deficiency, shortage 与える to give (esp. to someone of lower status), to bestow, to grant 世の中 society, the world, the times 世紀 century, era, of the century (e.g. fight of the century) 世間 world, society, people 丘 hill, knoll 両替 change, money exchange 中古 used, second-hand, old 中央 centre, center, middle 中学 junior high school, middle school, lower secondary school 中心 core, tang (of a sword, etc.) 中止 interruption, discontinuance, suspension 丸 round, full (month), perfection 主に mainly, primarily, mostly 主婦 housewife, mistress (of the house), homemaker 主張 claim, insistence, assertion 主義 doctrine, rule, principle 主要 chief, main, principal 乗せる to place on (something), to give (someone) a ride, to give a lift 乗客 passenger 予報 forecast, prediction 予期 expectation, anticipation, forecast 予測 prediction, estimation 予算 estimate (of costs), budget 予防 prevention, protection (against), precaution 事 matter, thing, fact 事件 event, affair, incident 事務 office work, clerical work, administration 事実 fact, truth, reality 事情 circumstances, conditions, situation 事態 situation, (present) state of affairs, circumstances 二十 20 years old, twenty 互い each other, one another 交換 exchange, interchange, switching 交際 company, friendship, association 人工 artificial, man-made, human work 人気 prevailing mood of a locality, emotional climate of a district 人物 person, character, figure 人生 (one's) life 人種 race (of people), type of person 人込み crowd of people 人間 the world 人類 mankind, humanity 今に before long, even now 今にも at any moment (now), at any minute, on the verge of (doing) 今回 this time, now 今後 from now on, hereafter 仏 Buddha, the dead, France 他 other, another, the others 他人 another person, other people, others 付き合い association, socializing, socialising 付ける to attach, to join, to connect 代理 representation, agency, proxy 代表 representation, representative, delegate 代金 price, cost, charge 以前 before, prior to, ago 以来 since, henceforth 仲 go-between, relationship 仲間 companion, fellow, friend 任せる to leave (a matter, decision, etc. to someone) 企業 enterprise, business, company 休憩 rest, break, recess 休暇 holiday, vacation, day off 会 meeting, meet, party 会合 meeting, assembly, gathering 会員 member, the membership 会計 accounting, finance, account 伝統 tradition, convention 伸ばす to grow long (e.g. hair, nails), to lengthen 伸びる to stretch, to extend, to lengthen 伺う to call on someone, to call at a place, to pay a visit 似合う to suit, to match, to become 位 rank, grade, throne 位置 place, position, location 住宅 residence, housing, residential building 住民 inhabitant, resident, citizen 体温 body temperature 体育 physical education, PE, gym (class) 何か something, some, any 何で why?, what for?, how? 何でも any, anything, whatever 何とか something, something or other, so-and-so 余り remainder, remnant, rest 余分 extra, excess, surplus 余裕 surplus, margin, leeway 作品 work (e.g. book, film, painting 作家 author, writer, novelist 作曲 composition (of music), setting, writing music 作業 work, operation, task 作法 manners, etiquette, propriety 作物 crop, crops, (agricultural) produce 使用 use, application, employment 例 example, custom, usage 供給 supply, provision 依頼 request, commission, entrusting (with a matter) 価値 value, worth, merit 価格 price, value, cost 便 convenience, facility, excrement 便り news, tidings, information 係 person in charge, connection, duty 保存 preservation, conservation, storage 保証 guarantee, security, assurance 信じる to believe, to believe in, to place trust in 信仰 (religious) faith, belief, creed 信号 signal, signalling, signaling 信用 confidence, trust, faith 信頼 trust (in), confidence, faith 修正 amendment, correction, revision 修理 repair, mending, fixing 俳優 actor, actress, player 個人 individual, private person, personal 倒す to knock down, to knock over 候補 candidate, contender, prospect 借金 debt, loan, liabilities 値 price, cost, value 値段 price, cost 偉大 great, grand, magnificent 停留所 stop (bus, tram, etc.) 健康 health, healthy, sound 側 side, lean, oppose 偶 accidentally, even number, couple 偶々 by chance, by accident, accidentally 偶然 coincidence, chance, accident 備える to furnish with, to equip with, to provide 傷 wound, hurt, injure 傾向 tendency, trend, inclination 僅か a little, a few, small 働き work, labor, labour 優れる to be better (than), to be superior, to surpass 優勝 overall victory, championship, winning the title 優秀 superior, excellent, brilliant 元 beginning, former time, origin 先ず first (of all), firstly, to begin with 先日 the other day, a few days ago 光景 scene, spectacle, sight 克服 conquest (of a difficulty, illness, crisis 免許 license, licence, permission 兎 rabbit, hare 党 party, faction, clique 入場 entrance, entering, admission 全 whole, entire, all 全く really, truly, entirely 全て everything, all, the whole 全体 whole, entirety, to begin with 全員 all members, all hands, everyone 全国 the whole country 全然 (not) at all, (not) in the slightest, wholly 公平 fairness, impartiality, justice 共に together, jointly, at the same time 共同 Kyodo News (abbr) 共通 common, shared, mutual 具体 concreteness, embodiment 典型 type, pattern, model 内 inside, within, between 内容 contents, content, substance 円 circle, yen, round 再び again, once more, a second time 冒険 adventure, venture, venture which is unlikely to succeed 冗談 joke, jest, funny story 冷静 calmness, composure, coolness 凍る to freeze, to become frozen, to freeze over 処理 processing, dealing with, treatment 出会い meeting, rendezvous, encounter 出会う to meet (by chance), to come across, to run across 出来るだけ as much as one can, as much as possible, if at all possible 出来事 occurrence, happening, incident 出版 publication 出身 one's origin (e.g. city, country, parentage 刀 sword, saber, knife 分 part, minute of time, segment 分ける to divide (into), to split (into), to part 分析 analysis 分野 field, sphere, realm 切れ completely using up ..., running out of ..., exhausting ... 切れる to break, to snap, to be cut 刈る to cut (grass, hair, etc.) 刑事 (police) detective, criminal matter 列 file, row, rank 列車 train, railway train 判断 judgment, judgement, decision 別に (not) particularly, (not) especially, (not) specially 別れ parting, separation, farewell 利口 clever, intelligent, bright 利益 profit, gains, benefit 到着 arrival 制度 system, institution, organization 制限 restriction, restraint, limitation 券 ticket 刺激 stimulus, stimulation, irritation (esp. of the body 前者 the former, the first 前進 advance, moving forward, progress 割る to divide, to cut, to halve 劇 drama, play 劇場 theatre, theater, playhouse 加える to add, to add up, to sum up 加わる to be added to, to be appended, to join in (e.g. a group of friends) 加減 degree, extent, amount 劣る to be inferior to, to be less good at, to fall behind 助ける to save, to rescue, to spare 助手 assistant, helper, assistant (to a professor) 努力 effort, exertion, endeavour 労働 labor, labour, work 効く to be effective, to take effect, to be good (for) 効果 effect, effectiveness, efficacy 勇気 courage, bravery, valour 動かす to move, to shift, to stir 動詞 verb 勘 intuition, perception, check 勘定 calculation, computation, counting 務め service, duty, business 勝ち apt to (do), liable to, prone to 勢い force, vigor, vigour 勤め service, duty, business 勧める to recommend (someone to do), to advise, to encourage 勿論 of course, certainly, naturally 匂い smell, scent, odour 包み bundle, package, parcel 化学 chemistry 化粧 make-up, makeup, cosmetics 区別 distinction, differentiation, discrimination 医師 doctor 医療 medical treatment, medical care 半ば middle, halfway, midway 協力 cooperation, collaboration, help 単なる mere, simple, sheer 単に simply, merely, only 単位 unit, denomination, credit (in school) 単純 simple, plain, uncomplicated 単語 word, vocabulary 博士 doctor, PhD, Dr. 博物館 museum 占める to occupy, to hold, to account for 印 stamp, seal, mark 印刷 printing 印象 impression 厄介 trouble, burden, nuisance 原 meadow, original, primitive 去る to leave, to go away, to pass 参加 participation, joining, entry 参考 reference, consultation 又 or again, furthermore, on the other hand 及ぼす to exert (influence), to exercise, to cause (e.g. damage) 友 friend 友人 friend 友情 friendship, fellowship, camaraderie 双子 twins, twin 反抗 opposition, resistance, insubordination 収める to put (into), to put away (in), to put back (in) 収入 income, earnings, revenue 収穫 harvest, crop, ingathering 取り上げる to pick up, to adopt (a proposal), to take up (a topic) 取れる to come off (of a button, handle, lid 受け取る to receive, to get, to accept 句 phrase, clause, sentence 叩く to dust, to remove dust, to slap 叫ぶ to shout, to cry, to scream 可 can, passable, approval 可能 possible, potential, practicable 台 pedestal, a stand, counter for machines and vehicles 叱る to scold, to chide, to rebuke 合わせる to match (rhythm, speed, etc.) 合図 sign, signal, cue 合格 passing (an exam), pass, success 合計 sum total, total amount 同一 identical, same, one and the same 同僚 coworker, co-worker, colleague 同時 same time, simultaneous, concurrent 同様 same, similar, (just) like 名 name, noted, distinguished 名人 The Master of Go (1951 novel by Yasunari Kawabata) 吐く to vomit, to throw up, to spit up 向かい facing, opposite, across the street 向く to turn toward, to look (up, down 向ける to turn (towards), to face, to point 吠える to bark, to howl, to bay 否 negate, no, noes 否定 denial, negation, repudiation 含む to contain, to comprise, to have 吸収 absorption, suction, attraction 周囲 surroundings, environs, circumference 味方 friend, ally, supporter 呼吸 breathing, respiration, knack 命 fate, command, decree 命じる to order, to command, to appoint 命令 order, command, decree 咳 cough, clear throat 哀れ pity, sorrow, grief 品 goods, refinement, dignity 哲学 philosophy 唯 solely, only, merely 唯一 only, sole, unique 商人 merchant, trader, tradesman 商品 commodity, article of commerce, goods 商売 trade, business, commerce 問い question, query 善 virtuous, good, goodness 喉 throat, voice 喜び joy, delight, rapture 喧嘩 quarrel, brawl, fight 営業 business, trade, operations 嘘 lie, falsehood 噂 rumor, gossip, hearsay 器用 skillful, skilful, adroit 回 -times, round, game 回す to turn, to rotate, to spin 回り rotation, making the rounds, spreading 回復 restoration, recovery, rehabilitation 団体 group, party, team 困難 difficulty, hardship, trouble 囲む to surround, to encircle, to enclose 図 map, drawing, plan 図書 books 国会 National Diet, legislative assembly of Japan (1947-), Imperial Diet 国境 border (between countries), national border 国家 state, country, nation 国民 people of a country 国語 national language, Japanese language (esp. as a school subject in Japan), one's native language 土 soil, earth, ground 土地 plot of land, lot, soil 土曜 Saturday 土産 product of the land, present, souvenir 地 ground, earth 地下 underground, below the ground, world of the dead 地位 (social) position, status, standing 地区 district, area, zone 地域 area, region, district 地平線 horizon (related to land) 地方 person in charge of music (in a Japanese dance performance), person singing ballads (in noh), coast (esp. as seen from the water) 地球 Earth, the globe 型 mould, type, model 埃 dust 城 castle 基 fundamentals, radical (chem), counter for machines 基づく to be based (on), to be founded (on), to be grounded (on) 基本 basics, fundamentals, basis 報告 report, information 場 location, place 場面 scene, setting, place (where something happens) 塀 fence, wall, (kokuji) 塔 pagoda, tower, steeple 塵 dust, trash, garbage 境 boundary, border, region 墓 grave, tomb 増す to increase, to grow 増加 increase, rise, growth 売れる to sell (well), to be well known, to be popular 変化 shapeshifting (of an animal or spirit), goblin, ghost 変更 change, modification, alteration 夕べ evening, evening (of a special event) 外す to remove, to take off, to detach 外交 diplomacy, selling (e.g. door-to-door), canvassing 外出 going out, outing, leaving (one's home 多分 probably, likely, perhaps 多少 a little, some, somewhat 夜中 all night, the whole night 夜明け dawn, daybreak 夢中 absorbed in, immersed in, crazy about 大 large, big 大いに very, very much, greatly 大した considerable, great, important 大会 mass meeting, convention, rally 大使 ambassador 大半 majority, more than half, most (of) 大変 very, greatly, terribly 大家 rich family, distinguished family 大戦 great war, great battle, world war 大抵 mostly, ordinarily, usually 大気 atmosphere, air, magnanimity 大統領 president (of a country), big man, boss 大臣 minister (of government), noble, nobleman's residence 大部分 most part, greater part, majority 大陸 continent, continental Asia (esp. mainland China), continental Europe 天候 weather 天然 nature, spontaneity, natural airhead 太陽 Sun 夫人 wife, Mrs, madam 夫婦 married couple, husband and wife, man and wife 失う to lose, to miss (a chance, opportunity) 失望 disappointment, despair 失業 unemployment, losing one's job, becoming unemployed 奇妙 strange, odd, peculiar 契約 contract, compact, agreement 奥 heart, interior 奨学金 scholarship, stipend, bursary 奪う to take (by force), to take away, to snatch 女優 actress, female actor 女子 woman, girl 女王 queen, female champion 好み liking for, taste for, fondness for 好む to like, to prefer 妙 exquisite, strange, queer 姉妹 sisters 始まり origin, beginning, start 委員 committee member 姿 figure, form, shape 婚約 engagement, betrothal 婦人 woman, lady, adult female 嫁 marry into, bride 嫌う to hate, to dislike, to loathe 嬉しい happy, glad, pleased 存在 existence, being, presence 学 study, learning, science 学ぶ to learn, to study, to take lessons in 学問 study, scholarship, learning 学期 school term, semester 学習 learning, study 学者 scholar, academic, scientist 孫 grandchild, descendants 宅 home, house, residence 宇宙 universe, cosmos, space 守る to protect, to guard, to defend 安定 stability, steadiness, consistency 完了 end, completion 完全 perfect, complete 完成 completion, perfection, accomplishment 宗教 religion, religious affiliation, belief 定期 fixed period, fixed term, regular 宜しい good, OK, all right 宝 treasure, wealth, valuables 宝石 gem, jewel, precious stone 実 reality, truth, seed 実に indeed, really, absolutely 実は as a matter of fact, by the way, to tell you the truth 実施 enforcement, implementation, putting into practice 実現 implementation (e.g. of a system), materialization, materialisation 実行 execution (e.g. of a plan), carrying out, (putting into) practice 実際 reality, actuality, truth 実験 experiment, experimentation 害 harm, injury 家事 housework, domestic chores, family affairs 家具 furniture 家賃 rent 容易 easy, simple, plain 宿 inn, lodging, relay station 宿泊 accommodation, lodging 寄付 contribution, donation 密 secrecy, density (pop), minuteness 寧ろ rather, better, instead 審判 judgement, judgment, decision 対 vis-a-vis, opposite, even 対する to face (each other), to be facing, to be directed toward (the future 対象 target, object (of worship, study 専攻 major subject, special study 尊敬 respect, esteem, reverence 尊重 respect, esteem, regard 小 little, small 小包 parcel, package 小屋 hut, cabin, shed 小麦 wheat 少々 just a minute, small quantity 少しも (not) at all, (not) a bit, (not) in the least 少女 (young) girl, maiden, young lady 少年 boy, juvenile, child 尤も but then, although, though 就く to take (seat, position, course 就職 finding employment, getting a job 尻 buttocks, hips, butt 局 bureau, board, office 居眠り nodding off (while sitting), dozing 居間 living room (Western style), sitting room 届く to reach, to touch, to get to 屋根 roof 履く to put on (lower-body clothing, e.g. pants, skirt 岩 boulder, rock, cliff 岸 beach 嵐 storm, tempest 州 state, province 巣 nest, rookery, hive 左右 (doing) various things, (doing) this and that, being apt to 巨大 huge, gigantic, enormous 差 distinction, difference, variation 差別 distinction, differentiation, discrimination 市場 market (financial, stock, domestic 布 linen, cloth, spread 希望 hope, wish, aspiration 帯 sash, belt, obi 帰宅 returning home, going home, coming home 常に always, constantly 常識 common sense, good sense, common knowledge 幅 hanging scroll, width 幕 curtain, bunting, act of play 平ら plain, plateau, tableland 平和 concealed winning hand consisting of chows, a pair that isn't a value pair, and an open wait 平均 average, mean, balance 平等 equality, impartiality, evenness 年中 middle of a year 年代 age, era, period 年寄 old person, elderly person, senior citizen 年月 months and years 年間 (period of) a year, during the era (of) 年齢 age, years 幸い happiness, blessedness, luck 幸せ happiness, good fortune, luck 幸福 happiness, well-being, joy 幸運 good luck, fortune 幼い young, innocent, childlike 幾つ how many, how old 幾ら how much, something over, and something 広がる to spread (out), to extend, to stretch 広告 advertisement, advertising, announcement 床 bed, counter for beds, floor 底 bottom, sole, depth 度 degrees, occurrence, time 座席 seat 延期 postponement, deferment, adjournment 建築 construction, architecture (of buildings) 建設 construction, establishment 弁当 bento, Japanese box lunch 式 style, ceremony, rite 引っ張る to pull, to draw, to pull tight 引用 quotation, citation, reference 引退 retirement 張る to be prominently ..., to be persistently ... 強力 herculean strength, mountain carrier-guide 強盗 robber, mugger, robbery 強調 emphasis, stress, highlighting 弾 bullet, twang, flip 当たる to be hit, to strike, to touch 当てる to hit, to expose, to apply (e.g. patch) 当時 at that time, in those days 影 shadow, silhouette, phantom 影響 influence, effect, impact 役 duty, war, campaign 役割 part, assigning (allotment of) parts, role 彼等 those, they, they (of people) 後者 the latter, the second, successor 徐々に gradually, steadily, slowly 従う to obey (an order, law, etc.) 従兄弟 cousin (male) 得る to get, to earn, to acquire 得意 satisfaction, pride, triumph 御 honorable, manipulate, govern 微妙 unspeakably wonderful, sublime, exquisite 微笑む to smile 徹夜 staying up all night 徹底 thoroughness, completeness, consistency 心理 state of mind, mentality, psychology 心臓 heart, guts, nerve 必ずしも (not) always, (not) necessarily, (not) entirely 必死 frantic, frenetic, desperate 応じる to respond, to satisfy, to accept 快適 pleasant, agreeable, comfortable 思い出 memories, recollections, reminiscence 思わず unconsciously, involuntarily, instinctively 思想 thought, idea, ideology 怠ける to be lazy, to be idle, to slack 急に swiftly, rapidly, quickly 急激 sudden, abrupt, rapid 急速 rapid (e.g. progress) 性 sex, gender, nature 性格 character (of a person), personality, disposition 怪我 injury, wound, mistake 恋 romance, in love, yearn for 恋人 lover, sweetheart, boyfriend 恐れる to fear, to be afraid of 恐ろしい terrible, dreadful, terrifying 恐怖 fear, dread, dismay 恩 grace, kindness, goodness 息 breath, respiration, son 患者 patient 悩む to be worried, to be troubled 悪口 (verbal) abuse, name-calling, abusive language 悪魔 devil, demon, fiend 悲しむ to be sad, to mourn for, to regret 悲劇 tragedy, tragic drama, tragic play 情報 information, news, report 想像 imagination, supposition, guess 愉快 pleasant, delightful, enjoyable 意外 unexpected, surprising 意志 will, volition, intention 意思 intention, wish, purpose 意識 consciousness, becoming aware (of), awareness 愛 love, affection, favourite 愛する to love 愛情 love, affection 感じ feeling, sense, impression 感じる to feel, to sense, to experience 感動 being deeply moved emotionally, excitement, passion 感心 admiration, being impressed, admirable 感情 emotion, feeling, feelings 感覚 sense, sensation, feeling 感謝 thanks, gratitude, appreciation 態度 attitude, manner, behaviour 慎重 careful, cautious, prudent 憲法 constitution, rules, regulation 成る to become, to get, to grow 成人 adult, grown-up, becoming an adult 成功 success, achievement, succeeding (in life) 成績 results, record, grades 成長 growth, development, growing up 我々 we 我慢 endurance, patience, perseverance 或 some, one, or 戦い battle, war, fight 戦う to make war (on), to wage war (against), to go to war (with) 戻す to put back, to return, to give back 所為 consequence, outcome, result 手伝い helper, assistant, help 手品 magic (illusion), conjuring, magic trick 手段 means, way, measure 手術 surgery, operation, procedure 手間 time, labour, labor 才能 talent, ability 扱う to deal with (a person), to treat, to handle 批判 criticism, judgement, judgment 批評 criticism, critique, review 承認 recognition, acknowledgement, acknowledgment 技師 engineer, technician 投票 voting, ballot, poll 抜く to pull out, to draw out, to extract 抜ける to come out, to fall out, to be omitted 抱える to hold in one's arms, to carry in one's arms, to carry under one's arm 抱く to hold in one's arms (e.g. a baby), to embrace, to hug 抵抗 resistance, opposition, standing up to 担当 being in charge (of an area of responsibility), being responsible (for a work role, etc.) 拍手 clapping one's hands in prayer (at a shrine) 招く to invite, to ask, to beckon 拡大 expansion, extension, magnification 持ち上げる to elevate, to raise, to lift up 指す to point, to nominate, to select someone 指導 guidance, leadership, instruction 挨拶 greeting, greetings, salutation 振る to assume an air of ..., to act ..., to affect ... 捕まる to be caught, to be arrested, to hold on to 掛かる to take (a resource, e.g. time or money), to hang 推薦 recommendation, referral, endorsement 掲示 notice, bulletin, post 掴む to seize, to catch, to grasp 描く to draw, to paint, to sketch 提出 presentation (of documents), submission (of an application, report 提案 proposal, proposition, suggestion 換える to replace, to convert, to change 握る to clasp, to grasp, to grip 握手 handshake, reconciliation, joining hands 援助 assistance, aid, support 損 damage, loss, disadvantage 損害 damage, injury, loss 撃つ to attack, to destroy, to defeat 操作 operation, management, handling 支える to stick, to get stuck, to get caught 支出 expenditure, disbursement, expenses 支店 branch office, branch store 支払 payment 支払う to pay 支給 provision, supply, payment 支配 rule, domination, control 改善 betterment, improvement, kaizen (Japanese business philosophy of continuous improvement) 攻撃 attack, assault, raid 放す to release, to let go, to free 政府 government, administration, ministry 故郷 hometown, birthplace, native place 救う to rescue from, to help out of, to save 救助 relief, aid, rescue 教師 teacher, instructor 教授 professor, teaching, instruction 教科書 textbook, coursebook, schoolbook 敬意 respect, honour, honor 数 number, strength, fate 数える to count, to enumerate 数字 numeral, digit, numeric character 整理 sorting, arrangement, organization 敵 enemy, foe, opponent 文 sentence, literature, style 文句 complaint, grumbling, objection 文字 letter (of an alphabet), character, writing 文明 civilization, civilisation, culture 料金 fee, charge, fare 断る to refuse, to reject, to dismiss 新た new, fresh, novel 新鮮 fresh 方々 here and there, this way and that way, everywhere 方向 direction, orientation, bearing 方法 method, way, manner 旅 trip, travel 旗 national flag, banner, standard 既に almost, nearly 日中 daytime, broad daylight 日付 date, dating 日光 sunlight, sunshine, sunbeams 日常 everyday, daily, ordinary 日曜 Sunday 日本 Japan 旧 old times, old things, old friend 昇る to ascend, to go up, to climb 明かり light, glow, gleam 明ける to open (a door, etc.), to unwrap (e.g. parcel 明らか clear, obvious, evident 明後日 day after tomorrow, wrong (e.g. direction) 明確 clear, precise, definite 昨 yesterday, previous 是非 certainly, without fail, right and wrong 昼食 lunch, midday meal 時 time, hour 時刻 time, (the) hour, favourable time 時期 time, season, period 普段 usual, normal, everyday 景気 business conditions, the market, economic activity 暗記 memorization, memorisation, learning by heart 暮らし (way of) life, living, livelihood 暮らす to live, to get along, to spend (time) 暮れ sunset, sundown, nightfall 曇 cloudy weather, cloud up 曜日 day of the week 更に furthermore, again, after all 書斎 study, library, den 書物 book, volume 書類 document, papers 替える to replace, to convert, to change 最も most, extremely 最中 wafer cake filled with bean jam, (in) the middle of, (in) the midst of 最低 least, lowest, minimum 最終 last, final, closing 最高 best, supreme, wonderful 月 month, moon 月曜 Monday 有る to be, to exist, to live 有利 advantageous, favourable, better 有効 valid, effective, yuko (judo) 有能 able, capable, competent 服装 attire, dress, clothes 望み wish, desire, hope 望む to desire, to want, to wish for 期待 expectation, anticipation, hope 期間 period, term, interval 木曜 Thursday 未だ still, as yet, only 未来 (distant) future, future existence, world beyond the grave 末 end, close, tip 本人 the person in question, the person themselves, said person 本当 truth, reality, actuality 本物 genuine article, real thing, real deal 札 tag, paper money, counter for bonds 材料 materials, ingredients, material (for a novel 束 bundle, sheaf, ream 条件 condition, term, requirement 来 come, due, next 松 pine tree 板 plank, board, plate 柄 design, pattern, build 栄養 nutrition, nourishment 株 stocks, stump, shares 根 root, radical, head (pimple) 格好 shape, form, figure 案 plan, suggestion, draft 桜 cherry 梅 plum 梅雨 (East Asian) rainy season (in Japan, usu. from early June to mid-July), rain during the rainy season 棒 rod, stick, cane 椅子 traditional square chair with armrests and a torii-shaped back (used by the emperor, etc. during ceremonies) 植物 plant, vegetation 検査 inspection (e.g. customs, factory), examination 検討 consideration, examination, investigation 極 poles, settlement, conclusion 楽 music, comfort, ease 構う to mind, to care about, to be concerned about 構成 composition, construction, formation 様 Esq., way, manner 様々 our gracious (e.g. Queen), honorific that attaches to name of a person or thing that has bestowed grace or favour upon you 様子 state (of affairs), situation, circumstances 模様 pattern, figure, design 権利 right, privilege 横切る to cross (e.g. road), to traverse 横断 crossing (a road, river, etc.) 機嫌 humour, humor, temper 機械 machine, mechanism, instrument 機能 function, facility, faculty 機関 engine, agency, organisation 欠ける to chip, to be chipped, to break (off) 欠席 absence, non-attendance 欠点 fault, defect, flaw 欠陥 defect, fault, flaw 次々 in succession, one by one 次第 depending on, as soon as, immediately after 歌手 singer 歓迎 welcome, (warm) reception 止す to stop in the midst of, to leave undone 正 correct, justice, righteous 正午 noon, midday 正式 formal, official, regular 正直 honest, frank, candid 正確 accurate, correct, precise 武器 weapon, arms, ordnance 歩道 footpath, walkway, sidewalk 死亡 death, dying, mortality 残す to leave (behind), to leave (undone), to not finish 残り remainder, remnant, the rest 段 grade, steps, stairs 殺す to kill, to slay, to murder 母親 mother 毒 poison, virus, venom 比較 comparison 毛布 blanket 氏 family name, surname, clan 気に入る to like, to be pleased with, to be delighted with 気の毒 pitiful, unfortunate, poor 気付く to notice, to realize, to realise 気候 climate 気味 market sentiment (stock market), market tone 気温 (air) temperature 水準 level, standard, water level 氷 icicle, ice, hail 永久 eternity 永遠 eternity, perpetuity, permanence 求める to want, to wish for, to request 汗 sweat, perspire 汚染 pollution, contamination 決まり rule, regulation, settlement 決定 decision, determination 決心 determination, resolution 沈む to sink, to go under, to submerge 沖 open sea, offing, rise high into sky 油 oil, fat 泉 spring, fountain 法 method, law, rule 泡 bubbles, foam, suds 波 waves, billows, Poland 泥 mud, mire, adhere to 注 pour, irrigate, shed (tears) 注ぐ to pour (into a vessel), to fill (a cup, bowl 注文 annotation, explanatory note 注目 notice, attention, observation 泳ぎ swimming 活動 activity (of a person, organization, animal 活気 energy, vigour, vigor 活用 practical use, application, making good use of 流す to drain, to pour, to run 流れ flow (of a fluid or gas), stream, current 流れる to stream, to flow (liquid, time 流行 fashion, fad, vogue 浴びる to dash over oneself (e.g. water), to take (e.g. shower), to bask in (e.g. the sun) 海外 foreign, abroad, overseas 消費 consumption, expenditure, spending 消防 fire fighting, fire department, fire brigade 涙 tears, sympathy 深刻 serious, severe, grave 混乱 disorder, chaos, confusion 混雑 congestion, crush, crowding 清潔 clean, hygienic, sanitary 済ませる to finish, to make an end of, to get through with 渋滞 (traffic) congestion, traffic jam, gridlock 減らす to abate, to decrease, to diminish 減る to decrease (in size or number), to diminish, to abate 温度 temperature 温暖 warm, mild, temperate 湾 gulf, bay, inlet 満ちる to fill, to become full (of), to be filled (with) 満足 satisfaction, contentment, gratification 溺れる to struggle in the water, to sink below the surface and become unable to breathe, to (nearly) drown 滅多に rarely, seldom 滞在 stay, sojourn 演奏 musical performance 演技 acting, performance 演説 speech, address 激しい violent, furious, tempestuous 濃い deep (colour), dark, strong (flavour 濠 moat, ditch, canal 濡れる to get wet 火曜 Tuesday 火災 conflagration, fire 灯 lamp, a light, light 灰 ashes, puckery juice, cremate 炎 inflammation, flame, blaze 為る to become, to get, to grow 無 nothingness, none, ain't 無し without, unacceptable, not alright 無事 safety, security, peace 無料 free (of charge), gratuitous 無視 disregarding, ignoring 無駄 futility, waste, uselessness 煙 smoke 熱中 being enthusiastic about, being wild about, being absorbed in 熱帯 tropics 熱心 zealous, enthusiastic, ardent 燃える to burn, to get fired up 爆発 explosion, detonation, blast 父親 father 牛 cow 物事 things, everything 物価 prices of commodities, prices (in general), cost-of-living 物理 laws of nature, physical laws, physics 物語 story, tale, narrative 物質 material, substance, matter 物音 noise, sound 特徴 feature, trait, characteristic 犯人 offender, criminal, culprit 犯罪 crime, offence, offense 状態 state, condition, situation 状況 state of affairs, situation, conditions 狂う to go mad, to lose one's mind, to go crazy 独り one person, being alone, being by oneself 独特 peculiarity, uniqueness, characteristic 独立 independence, self-reliance, supporting oneself 独身 single, unmarried 猿 monkey 率 ratio, rate, proportion 玉 jewel, ball 王 king, rule, magnate 王子 prince, subordinate Kumano shrine 王様 king 現す to represent, to signify, to stand for 現れ embodiment, manifestation, materialization 現れる to appear, to come in sight, to become visible 現代 (uk) Hyundai (car company) 現在 the present, present time, now 現場 actual spot, scene (of a crime, accident 現実 reality, actuality, hard fact 現状 present condition, existing state, status quo 現象 phenomenon 現金 cash, ready money, money on hand 球 ball, sphere 理想 ideal, ideals 理解 understanding, comprehension, appreciation 環境 environment, surroundings, circumstances 瓶 bottle, vial, jar 生 life, genuine, birth 生き物 living thing, living creature, animal 生じる to produce, to yield, to cause 生まれ birth, birthplace, born in (country 生命 life, existence, (one's) working life 生地 birthplace 生物 raw food, perishables 用いる to use, to make use of, to utilize 用心 care, precaution, guarding 田 rice field, rice paddy 申し訳 apology, excuse 申し込む to apply for, to make an application, to propose (marriage) 男の人 man 男子 boy, man, male 画家 painter, artist 畑 farm, field, garden 留める to stop, to stay (e.g. the night), to cease 留学 studying abroad, (temporarily) studying at another school (to learn a specific skill) 番 turn, number in a series 異なる to differ, to be different, to disagree 異常 abnormal, unusual, extraordinary 疑う to doubt, to distrust, to be suspicious of 疑問 doubt, question, suspicion 疲れ weariness (from), fatigue, tiredness 症状 symptoms, condition (of a patient) 痛み pain, ache, soreness 癖 mannerism, habit, vice 発展 development, growth, expansion 発明 invention, intelligent, clever 発行 publication (of a newspaper, magazine, book 発表 announcement, publication, presenting 発見 discovery, detection, finding 発車 departure (of a train, car, etc.) 発達 development, growth 登山 mountain climbing, mountaineering, ascent of a mountain 皮 pelt, skin, hide 皿 dish, a helping, plate 盛り serving (of food), helping, chilled soba served on a dish (often on a wicker basket or in a shallow steaming basket) with dipping sauce 監督 supervision, control, superintendence 目標 goal, target, aim 目的 purpose, goal, aim 直 straightaway, honesty, frankness 直ちに at once, immediately, right away 直に immediately, right away, at once 直接 direct, immediate, personal 相当 corresponding to (in meaning, function, etc.) 相手 companion, partner, company 相続 succession, inheritance 省く to omit, to leave out, to exclude 県 prefecture 真っ直ぐ straight (ahead), direct, upright 真っ赤 bright red, deep red, flushed (of face) 真似 imitating, copying, mimicry 真剣 serious, earnest, real sword (as opposed to a wooden practice weapon) 真面目 serious, earnest, sober 眺め scene, view, prospect 眺める to look at, to gaze at, to watch 睡眠 sleep 瞬間 instant, moment, second 知らせ news, word, tidings 知事 prefectural governor 知恵 wisdom, wit, sagacity 知能 intelligence, intellect, brains 知識 knowledge, information 石油 oil, petroleum, kerosene 石炭 coal 砂漠 desert 破る to tear, to rip, to break 破産 bankruptcy, insolvency 硬い hard, solid, tough 硬貨 coin, hard currency 確かめる to make sure, to check, to ascertain 確実 certain, sure, definite 確認 confirmation, verification, validation 示す to (take out and) show, to demonstrate, to tell 礼 salute, bow, ceremony 礼儀 manners, courtesy, etiquette 祝い congratulation, congratulations, celebration 祝う to celebrate, to congratulate, to observe (a festival) 神 gods, mind, soul 神経 nerve, nerves, sensitivity 祭 ritual, offer prayers, celebrate 禁止 prohibition, inhibition, ban 禁煙 abstaining from smoking, quitting smoking, prohibition of smoking 科目 (school) subject, curriculum, course 秒 second (1/60 minute) 秘密 secret, secrecy, confidentiality 移す to transfer (to a different place, group, etc.) 移動 movement, transfer, migration 程 extent, degree, law 程度 degree, amount, grade 税 tax, duty 税金 tax, duty 種 species, kind, class 種類 variety, kind, type 稲 rice plant 稼ぐ to earn (income), to make (money), to score (points 穀物 grain, cereal, corn 積もる to pile up, to accumulate, to estimate 積極的 positive, assertive, active 穏やか calm, quiet, gentle 穴 hole, aperture, slit 空き space, room, gap 突然 abrupt, sudden, unexpected 立ち上がる to stand up, to get up, to rise (to one's feet) 立場 stopping place for horse-drawn carriages and rickshaws (Edo period), high way resting place, wholesale rag dealer 立派 splendid, fine, handsome 章 badge, chapter, composition 端 edge, origin, end 競技 game, match, contest 笑い laugh, laughter, smile 笑顔 smiling face, smile 笛 flute, clarinet, pipe 筆 writing brush, writing, painting brush 等 etc., and so forth, class (first) 等しい equal, identical, the same 筋 muscle, sinew, tendon 筋肉 sinewy meat 答案 examination paper, examination script, answer sheet 管 pipe, tube, wind instrument 管理 control, management (e.g. of a business) 節 node, season, period 節約 economising, saving 範囲 extent, scope, sphere 籠 basket, devote oneself, seclude oneself 粉 flour, powder, dust 粗 coarse, rough, rugged 粗末 crude, rough, plain 精々 at the most, at best, to the utmost 精神 mind, spirit, soul 約 promise, approximately, shrink 納得 consent, agreement, acceptance 紐 string, cord, braid 級 class, rank, grade 素 elementary, principle, naked 素晴らしい wonderful, splendid, magnificent 終 end, finish 終える to finish, to graduate 組 association, braid, plait 組む to cross (legs or arms), to link (arms), to put together 組合 association, union, guild 組織 organization, organisation, formation 経つ to pass (of time), to elapse 経営 management, administration, operation 経由 going through, going via, going by way of 結ぶ to tie, to bind, to link 結局 after all, in the end, ultimately 結果 result, consequence, outcome 結論 conclusion (of an argument, discussion, study 給料 salary, wages, pay 絵画 painting, picture 絶対 absolutely, definitely, unconditionally 絶滅 extinction, extermination, eradication 続き continuation, rest (of the story, work 維持 maintenance, preservation, improvement 綿 cotton 緊張 tension, strain, nervousness 縁 affinity, relation, connection 縄 straw rope, cord 縦 vertical, length, height 繋ぐ to connect, to link together, to tie 繰り返す to repeat, to do over again 缶 tin can, container, jar radical (no. 121) 罪 guilt, sin, crime 罰する to punish, to penalize, to penalise 署名 signature 罹る to contract (a disease), to suffer from 美人 beautiful woman, (a) beauty 義務 duty, obligation, responsibility 羽 feathers, counter for birds, rabbits 翼 wing, plane, flank 老い old age, old person, the old 老人 old person, senior citizen, the aged 考え thinking, thought, view 考慮 consideration, taking into account 者 someone, person 職 post, employment, work 職業 occupation, profession, job 肌 texture, skin, body 肩 shoulder 育つ to be raised (e.g. child), to be brought up, to grow (up) 胃 stomach, paunch, crop 胸 bosom, breast, chest 能 ability, talent, skill 能力 low-ranking priest who does manual labour at a temple, male temple employee 脇 armpit, the other way, another place 腐る to rot, to go bad, to decay 腰 loins, hips, waist 腹 abdomen, belly, stomach 膝 knee, lap 自動 automatic, intransitive verb 自慢 pride, boast 自殺 suicide 自然 occurring naturally (without human influence) 自身 (one's) self, oneself, yourself 臭い smell, scent, odour 至る to arrive at (e.g. a decision), to reach (a stage), to attain 舌 tongue, reed, clapper 舞台 stage (of a theatre, concert hall, etc.) 航空 aviation, flying 船 ship, boat 芝居 play, drama 芝生 lawn, grass 芸術 art, the arts 芽 bud, sprout, spear 苦しい painful, difficult, tough 苦しむ to suffer, to groan, to be worried 苦労 trouble, hardship, difficulty 苦手 poor (at), weak (in), not very good (at) 苦痛 pain, agony, suffering 茶 tea 莫大 vast, huge, immense 菓子 confectionery, sweets, candy 著者 author (usu. of a particular book), writer 虎 tiger, drunkard 虫歯 tooth decay, cavity, decayed tooth 行き the way there, outbound leg, outbound trip 行儀 manners, behavior, behaviour 行動 action, conduct, behaviour 街 boulevard, street, town 衛星 (natural) satellite, moon, (artificial) satellite 衝突 collision, crash, impact 衣服 clothes 表す to express, to show 表情 facial expression, countenance, look 表現 expression, representation, description 表面 front side (of a piece of paper, coin, medal 袋 sack, bag, pouch 袖 sleeve, wing (building), extension 被る to suffer, to receive (kindness, rebuke 被害 (suffering) damage, injury, harm 裁判 trial, judgement, judgment 装置 equipment, device, installation 裏切る to betray, to turn traitor (to), to double-cross 裸 naked, nude, uncovered 製品 manufactured goods, finished goods, product 製造 manufacture, production 褒める to praise, to commend, to compliment 要するに in short, in a word, to sum up 要求 demand, firm request, requisition 要点 gist, main point 要素 component, factor, item (e.g. in list) 覆う to cover, to hide, to conceal 見事 splendid, magnificent, excellent 見当 estimate, guess, conjecture 見舞い visit (to someone affected by illness or misfortune), call, inquiry (about someone's health) 見解 opinion, point of view 見送り seeing (someone) off, send-off, deferment 覚ます to awaken, to arouse from sleep, to bring to one's senses 覚める to wake, to wake up, to become sober 覚悟 readiness, (mental) preparedness, resolution 親しい intimate, close 親友 close friend, bosom friend, buddy 親戚 relative, relation, kin 観光 sightseeing, tourism 観客 spectator, audience 観察 observation, survey, watching 解く to undo, to untie, to unfasten 解ける to melt, to thaw, to fuse 解決 settlement, solution, resolution 解釈 interpretation, explanation, reading 触れる to touch, to feel, to touch (with) 言わば so to speak, so to call it, as it were 言語 language 計 plot, plan, scheme 計る to measure, to weigh, to survey 計算 calculation, computation, reckoning 訓 instruction, Japanese character reading, explanation 訓練 training, drill, practice 記事 article, news story, report 記入 entry (in a form, register, diary 記念 commemoration, celebration, remembrance 記憶 memory, recollection, remembrance 記者 reporter, journalist 記録 record, document, minutes 訪問 call, visit 設備 equipment, facilities, installation 設計 plan, design, layout 許す to permit, to allow, to approve 許可 permission, approval, authorization 訴える to raise, to bring to (someone's attention), to appeal to (reason 診察 medical examination, checkup, consultation 証明 proof, testimony, demonstration 評価 valuation, appraisal, evaluation 評判 reputation, (public) estimation, popularity 試し trial, test 試す to try (out), to have a try (at), to test 詩 poem, poetry 詩人 poet 詰める to stuff into, to jam, to cram 話し合う to discuss, to talk together 話題 topic, subject, much talked about 詳しい detailed, full, minute 誇り pride, boast, credit (to) 認める to recognize, to recognise, to observe 誕生 birth, creation, formation 誘う to invite, to ask (someone to do), to call (for) 語 word, speech, language 語る to talk about, to speak of, to tell 語学 study of foreign languages, linguistics 誤り error, mistake, slip 誤解 misunderstanding 説 opinion, theory, explanation 読み reading, reading (of a kanji, esp. kun reading) 読書 reading (books) 誰か someone, somebody 課 chapter, lesson, section 調子 tune, tone, key 調査 investigation, examination, inquiry 請求 claim, demand, charge 論じる to discuss, to talk about, to deal with (a topic) 論争 dispute, controversy, debate 論文 thesis, essay, treatise 諦める to give up, to abandon (hope, plans) 諺 proverb 謎 riddle, puzzle, enigma 講演 lecture, address, speech 警告 warning, caution, admonition 議会 congress, parliament, diet 議員 member of an assembly, member of the Diet, member of parliament 議論 argument, discussion, dispute 議長 chair, chairman, chairperson 譲る to hand over, to transfer, to turn over 谷 valley 豆 beans, pea, midget 豊か abundant, plentiful, rich 豊富 abundant, plentiful, rich 象 elephant, pattern after, imitate 豪華 extravagant, lavish, opulent 負け defeat, loss, losing (a game) 財産 property, fortune, assets 貢献 contribution (furthering a goal or cause), services (to a cause), paying tribute 貧しい poor, needy, lacking (quantity and quality-wise) 販売 sale, sales, selling 責める to condemn, to blame, to criticize 責任 duty, responsibility (incl. supervision of staff), liability 貯金 putting money aside, savings, deposit (e.g. in a bank) 貰う to receive, to take, to accept 貴重 precious, valuable 貸し loan, lending, hire 費用 cost, expense 資本 funds, capital 資源 resources 賛成 approval, agreement, support 賞 prize, reward, praise 賢い wise, clever, smart 質 substance, quality, matter 贅沢 luxury, extravagance, to live in luxury 贈る to give (as a gift), to present, to confer 起こる to occur, to happen 越える to cross over, to cross, to pass through 越す to cross over (e.g. mountain), to go across, to get over (e.g. hardship) 跡 tracks, mark, print 身 somebody, person, one's station in life 身体 body, physical system, (the) person 身長 height (of a person), stature 軍 army, force, troops 軍隊 armed forces, military, troops 軒 flats, counter for houses, eaves 転ぶ to fall down, to fall over, to turn out 輝く to shine, to sparkle, to twinkle 輪 wheel, ring, circle 轢く to run over (with a vehicle), to knock down 辞める to resign, to retire, to quit 農家 farmer, farming family, farmhouse 農業 agriculture, farming 農民 farmer, peasant 辺り neighbourhood, vicinity, nearby 迎え meeting, greeting, welcome 近代 present day, modern times, recent times 近頃 lately, recently, nowadays 述べる to state, to express, to say 迷子 lost child, lost person, stray child 迷惑 trouble, bother, annoyance 追い付く to catch up (with), to draw level, to pull even 追う to chase, to run after, to pursue 退屈 tedious, boring, dull 逆 inverted, reverse, opposite 逆らう to go against, to oppose, to disobey 途端 just (now, at the moment, etc.) 通じる to be open (to traffic), to lead to, to communicate (with) 通す to stick through, to force through, to spread throughout 通り in accordance with, following, roughly 通り過ぎる to go past, to pass, to pass by 通信 correspondence, communication, transmission 通学 commuting to school, school commute 通行 passage (of people or vehicles), passing (through), traffic 通過 passing through (a tunnel, station, town 速度 speed, velocity, pace 連れ in the company of, accompanied by ..., as a group comprising ... 連想 association (of ideas), being reminded (of something), suggestion 連続 continuation, succession, series 逮捕 arrest, apprehension, capture 週 week 週間 week 進める to advance, to move forward, to put (a clock 進学 advancing to the next stage of education, going on to (high school, college 進歩 progress, advance, improvement 遂に finally, in the end, at last 遅刻 lateness, tardiness, arriving late 運 carry, luck, destiny 過ごす to spend (time), to pass, to lead (a life) 過去 the past, bygone days, one's past (that one would prefer remained secret) 道徳 morals, morality 道路 road, highway 達する to reach, to get to, to arrive at 違い difference, distinction, discrepancy 違いない sure, no mistaking it, for certain 違反 breaking (a contract, promise, etc.) 適する to fit, to suit 適切 appropriate, suitable, fitting 適度 moderate (degree), proper (amount), temperate 適用 application (of a rule, law, method 選手 player (of a sport), athlete, team member 選択 choice, selection, option 避ける to avoid (physical contact with), to avoid (situation), to evade (question 邪魔 hindrance, obstacle, nuisance 部分 portion, section, part 郵便 mail service, postal service, mail 都会 city, Tokyo Metropolitan Assembly 都市 town, city, municipal 配達 delivery 酒 sake, alcohol 酔う to get drunk, to become intoxicated, to feel sick (e.g. in a vehicle) 酸素 oxygen (O) 重大 serious, important, significant 重要 important, essential, significant 重視 regarding as important, attaching importance to, taking a serious view of 野 plains, field, rustic 量 quantity, measure, weight 金 gold 金属 metal 金庫 treasure house, treasury, financial supporter 金曜 Friday 金融 finance, financing, credit transacting 金銭 money, cash 金額 amount of money, sum 針 needle, pin, staple 釣 angling, fish, catch 鉄 iron 鉄道 railroad, railway, rail transport 銀 silver 銃 gun, arms 鋭い sharp (knife, claws, etc.) 鍋 pot, pan, kettle 鍵 key 鎖 chain, irons, connection 長期 long-term 閉じる to close (e.g. book, eyes, meeting 開始 start, commencement, beginning 間違い mistake, error, blunder 関する to concern, to be related 関心 concern, interest 関連 relation, connection, relevance 防ぐ to defend against, to protect against, to prevent 降ろす to take down, to bring down, to lower (a hand 限る to restrict, to limit, to confine 限界 limit, bound 除く to remove, to get rid of, to take away 陰 shade, yin, negative 陸 land, six 陽気 cheerful, jovial, merry 随分 very, extremely, surprisingly 際 occasion, side, edge 障害 obstacle, impediment, hindrance 隠す to hide, to conceal 隠れる to hide, to conceal oneself, to take cover 集まり gathering, meeting, assembly 集中 concentration (on a task), focusing one's attention, concentration (of population 集団 group, mass 雇う to employ, to hire, to take on 離す to separate, to part, to divide 離れる to be separated, to be apart, to be distant 離婚 divorce 雰囲気 atmosphere, mood, ambience 雷 thunder, lightning bolt 電子 electron, electronic 需要 demand, request 震える to shiver, to shake, to quake 霜 frost 霧 fog, mist 青年 youth, young man 非常 emergency, extreme, great 面 mask, face, features 面倒 trouble, bother, trouble 革 leather, skin, reform 頂く to receive, to get, to accept 頂上 top, summit, peak 頃 time, about, toward 順 obey, order, turn 順番 order, turn 順調 favourable, favorable, doing well 預ける to leave (in someone's keeping), to put (in someone's care), to place (in someone's custody) 頬 cheeks, jaw 頭痛 headache 頼る to rely on, to depend on, to count on 題 topic, subject 額 forehead, tablet, plaque 願い desire, wish, hope 願う to desire, to wish, to hope 風呂 bath, bathing, bathtub 風景 scenery, scene, landscape 飛ばす to let fly, to make fly, to send flying 飛び出す to jump out, to leap out, to fly out 飛行 flying without hindrance 食う to eat, to live, to make a living 食卓 dining table 食品 food, food products, foodstuffs 食料 food 食欲 appetite (for food) 食物 food, foodstuff, prey 食糧 food (esp. staple food such as rice or wheat), provisions, rations 飯 meal, boiled rice 飼う to keep (a pet or other animal), to have, to own 飽きる to get tired of, to tire of, to lose interest in 餌 food, bait, prey 首相 prime minister, chancellor (Germany, Austria 首都 capital (city), metropolis 香り aroma, fragrance, scent 馬 horse 馬鹿 idiot, moron, fool 駄目 no good, not serving its purpose, useless 駐車 parking (a vehicle) 騒ぎ uproar, disturbance 騒音 noise, din 骨 skeleton, bone, remains 骨折 bone fracture 高価 highly priced, expensive, valuable 高速 high-speed, rapid, express 髪の毛 hair (on the head), (a) hair 鬼 ghost, devil 魅力 charm, fascination, glamour 黒板 blackboard 黙る to be silent, to say nothing 鼠 rat, mouse, dark gray