Browse Collections
JLPT N1 Vocabulary
All Vocabulary for JLPT N1
JLPT N1 Vocabulary (3281)
あくどい gaudy, showy, garish あざ笑う to laugh at, to ridicule, to mock あっさり easily, readily, quickly あべこべ contrary, opposite, inverse あやふや uncertain, indefinite, vague あら remaining bony parts (of a fish after filleting), flaw (esp. of a person), fault あられ hail (esp. hailballs under 5 mm), graupel, dicing いい加減 irresponsible, perfunctory, careless いく to go, to move (towards), to head (towards) いざ now, come (now), well いっそ rather, sooner, preferably いやに awfully, terribly うんざり tedious, boring, being fed up with えい ray (any fish of superorder Batoidea) おおい hey!, oi!, ahoy! おっかない frightening, scary, extreme お世辞 flattery, compliment お休み holiday, day off, absence お使い errand, mission, going on an errand お供 attendant, companion お先に before, previously, ahead お出でになる to be, to come, to go お喋り chattering, talk, idle talk お大事に take care of yourself, get well soon お宮 Shinto shrine お巡りさん police officer お手上げ being done for, giving up, being in a hopeless situation お早う good morning お洒落 stylish, fashionable, trendy お産 (giving) birth, childbirth, delivery お目出度う congratulations!, well done!, best wishes! お祖母さん grandmother, old woman, female senior citizen お祖父さん grandfather, male senior-citizen, old man お菜 side dish お蔭 grace (of God), benevolence (of Buddha), blessing お蔭様で thankfully, fortunately, luckily お襁褓 diaper, nappy お邪魔します please excuse the intrusion, I'm coming in お願いします please かも知れない may, might, perhaps がっくり heartbroken, crestfallen, dejected がっしり firmly, solidly, sturdily がっちり solid, robust, well-built がる to show signs of being, to feel, to think きちっと exactly, perfectly きっかり exactly, just, precisely きっちり exactly, precisely, punctually きっぱり clearly, plainly, distinctly くっきり clearly (standing out), distinctly, sharply くっ付く to adhere to, to stick to, to cling to くっ付ける to attach, to stick together, to paste ぐっと suddenly, at once, in one go げっそり to be disheartened, to be dejected, to be discouraged こだわる to be obsessive (about), to be overly concerned (with), to fuss (over) この間 the other day, lately, recently この頃 at the time, in those days, then ご座います to be, to exist, to be (doing) ご無沙汰 not writing or contacting for a while, neglecting (failing) to write (call, visit ご苦労様 thank you (for your hard work), I appreciate your efforts ご馳走 treat (esp. food and drink), entertainment, treating someone (to a meal) ご馳走さま thank you (for the meal), that was a delicious meal, thank you (for displaying lovey-dovey behaviour) さっと quickly (esp. actions), suddenly (esp. wind, rain さん Mr., Mrs., Miss し Hiragana Shi しくじる to fail, to blunder, to mess up しなやか supple, flexible, elastic しぶとい tenacious, tough, enduring しょっちゅう always, all the time, constantly じっくり (slowly and) carefully, without haste, thoroughly じゃん拳 rock-paper-scissors (game), janken すれ違う to pass (by) each other, to brush past, to miss (meeting) each other すんなり slim, slender, lithe ずぶ濡れ dripping wet, soaked, drenched ずらっと in a line, in a row ずるずる (dragging a large or heavy item) slowly, (falling) little by little, (slipping) gradually ずれ gap, lag, slippage ずれる to slide, to slip off, to get dislocated その上 a long time ago, in those days, once upon a time その内 before very long, soon, someday その外 the rest, the others, in addition (to that) その為 hence, for that reason ぞんざい rough, careless, slovenly たった only, merely, but だぶだぶ loose (of clothing), baggy, flabby だらけ full of (e.g. mistakes), riddled with, covered all over with (blood ちやほや to make a fuss over, to pamper, to spoil ちょくちょく often, frequently, now and then ちらっと at a glance, by accident てっきり surely, certainly, without doubt てんで (not) at all, completely, utterly でかい huge, big, gargantuan と Hiragana To とんだ unexpected, unlikely, strange どうぞ宜しく pleased to meet you, how do you do, my regards (to someone) どうにか in some way or other, one way or another, somehow どうやら possibly, apparently, (seem) likely なんか something like ..., things like ..., someone like ... なんだかんだ something or other, one thing or another, this or that にも拘らず in spite of, despite, although ねじ回し screwdriver ひょっと possibly, perhaps, perchance びっしょり wet through, drenched ふんだん plentiful, abundant, ample ぶかぶか too large (clothing), baggy, loose-fitting ぶらぶら dangling, swaying, swinging ぶら下げる to hang, to suspend, to dangle ほっと with a feeling of relief, with a sigh of relief, deeply (sigh) ぼつぼつ gradually, little by little, in a breezy manner ぼやく to grumble, to complain ぼやける to become dim, to become blurred まごつく to be confused, to be flustered, to be at a loss もろに completely, all the way, altogether やっ付ける to beat, to attack (an enemy), to do away with ややこしい complicated, complex, intricate やり遂げる to accomplish, to finish, to carry through ゆとり elbowroom, leeway, room アクセル Axel (jump) アップ rise, increase, raising アプローチ approach (to a problem, issue, etc.) アマチュア amateur アラブ Arab, Arab countries, Arab (horse) アルカリ alkali アルミ aluminum, aluminium アワー hour アンケート questionnaire, survey, poll アンコール encore イエス yes インターチェンジ interchange, service interchange インターナショナル international インテリ intellectual, educated person, intelligentsia インフォメーション information インフレ inflation エアメール airmail, air mail エレガント elegant エンジニア engineer オリエンテーション orientation オレンジ orange (fruit, colour) オンライン online, on the line (of a ball; in tennis, volleyball オートマチック automatic, automatic firearm, automatic transmission オープン opening (a new store, golf course, runway カクテル cocktail カット cut, cutting, haircut カムバック comeback カメラマン photographer, cameraman, camera operator カルテ patient's chart, clinical records, record (e.g. student カンニング cheating (on an examination), cribbing カーペット carpet ガイド guide, tour guide, conductor ガイドブック guidebook ガレージ garage キャッチ catch, catching, obtaining (e.g. information) キャリア carrier, carrier (of a disease-causing agent), carrier (wave) クイズ quiz クラブ club, fraternity, sorority クレーン crane (machine) グラフ graph, chart, diagram グレー grey, gray ゲスト guest コマーシャル commercial (TV or radio advertisement), commercial コミュニケーション communication コメント comment コンタクト contact, contact lens コンテスト contest コントラスト contrast コントロール control コンパス compass (for drawing circles, etc.), pair of compasses コーナー corner, bend, turn サイクル cycle サイズ size サボる to be truant, to slack off, to play hooky サンキュー thank you, thanks サンタクロース Santa Claus システム system シック piece of fabric sewn into the crotch of a garment to reinforce it, saddle シナリオ script, screenplay, scenario ショー show, performance, show シート sheet, spreadsheet ジャズ jazz ジャンパー (short) jacket, blouson, windbreaker ジャンプ jump, jumping event (skiing, track and field) ジャンボ jumbo, jumbo-sized, jumbo jet ジャンル genre, category, kind ジーパン jeans, dungarees スタジオ studio スチーム steam ストライキ strike (i.e. industrial action) ストレス stress ストロボ stroboscope, strobe lamp, stroboscopic lamp ストロー drinking straw, straw スピード speed スプリング (coil) spring, spring (season), light overcoat (worn in spring and autumn) スペース space, room, space (between letters スポーツカー sports car スラックス slacks セクション section セックス sex, sexual intercourse, (one's) sex セレモニー ceremony センス taste (in fashion, music, etc.) セール sale ゼリー jello, jelly, gelatin dessert ソックス socks ソロ solo ソース source (of information), source code タイトル title タイピスト typist タイマー timer, time switch, stopwatch タイミング timing タイム thyme タイムリー timely, well-timed, clutch hit タイヤ tire, tyre タイル tile タレント (TV or radio) entertainer, television personality, radio personality タワー tower ダウン fall, decrease, drop ダブる to be duplicated, to be repeated, to overlap ダンプ dump, dump truck ダース dozen チェンジ change, changing, exchange (e.g. of goods) チャイム chime, bell (e.g. doorbell) チームワーク teamwork ティッシュペーパー tissue paper, tissue, facial tissue テレックス telex, teletypewriter exchange デコレーション decoration デザイン design デザート desert デッサン rough sketch デモンストレーション demonstration, protest, (giving a) demo データ data, datum トラブル trouble, difficulty, problem トーン tone ドライ dry, dry (tone, humour ドライクリーニング dry cleaning ドライバー driver (of a vehicle), screwdriver, driver (club) ドライブイン drive-in (bank, cinema, etc.) ドリル drill bit, drill, drill (practice) ナイター game under lights (e.g. baseball), night game ナプキン (table) napkin, serviette, sanitary napkin ナンセンス nonsense ニュアンス nuance ニュー new ネガ negative, negative (e.g. thinking) ノイローゼ neurosis, nervous breakdown, mental problem ハンガー hunger バッジ badge バット shallow tray (usu. steel or plastic) バー bar, tavern, barroom パジャマ pajamas, pyjamas パチンコ pachinko, mechanical gambling game superficially resembling pinball, slingshot パトカー patrol car, police car, squad car パンク punk (music, fashion) ヒント hint, clue ビジネス business ビールス virus ファイト fight, fighting spirit, fight! ファイル file (for holding papers), file (collection of documents), filing ファン fun フィルター filter フェリー ferry フォーム foam フロント front (aspect, weather, war-front ブザー buzzer, personal alarm (loud buzzer to attract attention in case of attack) ブルー blue, sad, down (in the dumps) ブーツ boots ブーム boom, craze, fad ベスト vest, waistcoat ベストセラー bestseller ベース bass, low register, bass guitar ペア European pear ホース horse ホール whole, entire, complete ボイコット boycott ボルト bolt ポイント point (of a story, argument, etc.) ポジション position ポット pot (esp. teapot, coffee-pot), vacuum bottle ポンプ pump ポーズ pause, rest マスコミ mass communication, mass media マッサージ massage マーク mark, sign, symbol ミスプリント misprint ミセス Mrs ミュージック music ムード mood, atmosphere, mood メッセージ message メディア media メロディー melody, chime メーカー manufacturer (esp. a major company), producer, maker モニター monitor (device, software or person), monitoring モーテル motel, drive-in love hotel ヤング young, youth, young person ユニフォーム uniform ユニーク unique, individual, original ライス rice (esp. when served on a plate) ラベル label, (record) label ランプ rump ルーズ loose (e.g. belt), slovenly, careless ルール rule レギュラー regular, standard, regular player (on a team) レクリエーション recreation, re-creation レッスン lesson レディー lady レバー lever, joystick レンジ range, stove, cooker レンタカー rental car, rent-a-car, hire car レントゲン X-ray, roentgen (unit of ionizing radiation) レース lathe ロマンチック romantic ロープ rope ローマ字 Latin alphabet, Roman alphabet, romaji ワット watt ヶ月 counter for months 一々 one-by-one, separately, every single 一まず for now, for the time being, for the present 一人でに by itself, automatically, naturally 一切 all, everything, entirety 一別 parting 一同 all present, all concerned, all of us 一向 determined, single-minded, intent 一変 complete change, about-face 一寸 a little, a bit, slightly 一帯 whole area, whole region, stretch (of land) 一律 uniform, even, across-the-board 一心 one mind, wholeheartedness, one's whole heart 一息 one breath, time of one breath, pause 一括 lumping together, summing up, bundle 一挙に at a stroke, with a single swoop 一敗 one defeat 一昨昨日 two days before yesterday, three days back (ago) 一概に unconditionally, as a rule 一様 uniform, equal, even 一気 one breath, chug!, drink! 一目 look, glance, glimpse 一筋 one line, one stretch (e.g. of road), one strand (e.g. of hair) 一見 first visit to inn, restaurant, etc. without an introduction 一連 series, chain, sequence 一部 one part, one portion, one section 一部分 one part, one portion, one section 一面 one face, one surface, the whole surface 一頃 once, some time ago 丁々 with a chopping sound (of an axe), with a thump (when hammering a post into the ground) 丁目 district of a town, city block (of irregular size) 万人 all people, everybody 万能 all-purpose, utility, universal 丈 length, ten shaku, measure 三味線 shamisen, samisen, three-stringed Japanese lute 上がり rise, increase, ascent 上がる to rise, to go up, to come up 上位 superior (in rank), top, ranking 上司 (one's) superior, (one's) boss, the higher-ups 上回る to exceed (esp. figures: profits, unemployment rate, etc.) 上昇 rising, ascending, climbing 上演 performance (of a play, opera, etc.) 上空 sky, the skies, high-altitude sky 上陸 landing, going ashore, disembarkation 下がる to come down, to go down, to fall 下らない trivial, trifling, insignificant 下位 low rank, lower position, subordinate position 下取り trade-in, part exchange 下吏 lower official 下地 groundwork, foundation, inclination 下心 secret intention, ulterior motive, kanji "heart" radical at bottom 下火 burning low, waning, declining 下番 going off duty 下痢 diarrhea, diarrhoea 下調べ preliminary investigation, preliminary inquiry, preparation (for a class) 不動産 real estate 不可欠 indispensable, essential 不吉 ominous, sinister, unlucky 不味い bad(-tasting), unpalatable, unsavoury 不図 suddenly, casually, accidentally 不在 absence, disregard, indifference 不審 doubt, suspicion, question 不当 unfair, unjust, wrongful 不意 sudden, abrupt, unexpected 不振 dullness, slump, stagnation 不明 unclear, obscure, indistinct 不景気 economic slump, hard times, depression 不服 dissatisfaction, discontent, disapproval 不況 (economic) depression, recession, slump 不良 bad, poor, inferior 不評 bad reputation, poor reception, unpopularity 不調 bad condition, poor condition, disorder 不順 irregular, unseasonable, changeable 与党 ruling party, government party, party in power 且つ and, moreover, besides 世 generation, world, society 世代 generation 世帯 household, home, family 世論 public opinion, popular voice, public sentiment 世辞 flattery, compliment 丘陵 hill, hillock, rolling hills 両極 both extremities, North and South Poles, positive and negative poles 両立 compatibility, coexistence, standing together 並びに and (also), both ... and, as well as 並み average, medium, common 並列 arranging in a line, standing in a row, parallel (electronics 中傷 slander, libel, defamation 中和 neutralization, neutralisation, neutralization (e.g. of a poison) 中断 interruption, suspension, break 中枢 centre, center, pivot 中毒 poisoning, addiction 中程 (about) middle, midway 中立 break between the light meal and the actual serving of tea (during a formal tea ceremony) 中継 joining, joint, intermediation 中腹 halfway up (down) a mountain, mountainside 丸々 plump, rotund, chubby 丸ごと in its entirety, whole, wholly 丸っきり completely, absolutely, totally 丸で quite, entirely, completely 丸める to make round, to roll up, to curl up 主人公 protagonist, main character, hero 主任 person in charge, senior staff, manager 主体 Juche (North Korean political ideology), self-reliance, Juche (North Korean calendar) 主催 sponsorship (i.e. conducting under one's auspices), promotion, organizing 主導 leadership, initiative, spearhead 主権 sovereignty, supremacy, dominion 主演 starring (in a film, play, etc.) 主観 subjectivity, subject (philosophical), ego 主題 subject, theme, motif 主食 staple food 乃至 from ... to, between ... and, or 久しい long (time that has passed), old (story) 久し振り a long time (since the last time), first in a long time, it's been a long time 乏しい meagre, meager, scarce 乗っ取る to follow (a rule, precedent, style 乗り換え transfer (trains, buses, etc.) 乗り込む to board (a train, plane, etc.) 乙 the latter, duplicate, strange 乱す to throw into disorder, to disarrange, to disturb (order 乱れる to be disordered, to be disarranged, to be disarrayed 乳 milk, breasts 乾 drought, dry, dessicate 了 complete, finish 了承 acknowledgement, acknowledgment, understanding 了解 comprehension, consent, understanding 予め beforehand, in advance, ahead of time 予想 expectation, anticipation, prediction 予感 presentiment, premonition, hunch 予言 promise, prediction 争い fight, dispute, feud 事によると possibly, maybe, perhaps 事前 prior, beforehand, in advance 事柄 matter, thing, affair 事業 business, enterprise, venture 事項 matter, item, facts 云々 and so on, and so forth, et cetera 五月蝿い noisy, loud, annoying 些とも (not) at all, (not) a bit, (not) in the least 些事 something small, something petty, trifle 亜科 subfamily 交える to mix, to combine, to include 交わす to exchange (messages, greetings, arguments 交わる to cross, to intersect, to join 交互 alternate, alternating 交付 delivery, issuance, handing over 交易 trade, commerce 交渉 negotiations, bargaining, discussions 享受 enjoyment (of freedom, beauty, etc.) 人体 personal appearance, looks 人情 humanity, empathy, kindness 人材 capable person, talented person, human resources 人柄 personality, character, personal appearance 人格 personality, character, individuality 人民 imperial subjects, the people 人目 (public) notice, attention, public eye 人質 hostage 今日は hello, good day, good afternoon 今晩は good evening 今更 now (when it is already much too late), at this stage, afresh 介入 intervention 介抱 nursing, looking after 介護 nursing, care, caregiving 仏像 statue of Buddha, image of Buddha, Buddhist statue 仕える to serve, to work for, to attend 仕上がり finish, end, completion 仕上げ finish, finishing, finishing touches 仕上げる to finish up, to complete, to finish off 仕付ける to be used to, to get accustomed to, to be in the habit of doing 仕入れる to buy (stock, materials, etc.) 仕切る to partition, to divide, to mark off 仕掛け device, contrivance, mechanism 仕掛ける to start, to begin, to commence 仕様 way, method, means 仕立てる to tailor, to make (clothing), to train 仕組み structure, construction, arrangement 仕舞 ending, quitting, closing 仕舞う to finish, to stop, to end 他動詞 transitive verb 他意 other intention, hidden purpose, ulterior motive 他方 one (esp. of two), the other, one way 付き furnished with, including, attached to 付き合う to associate with, to keep company with, to go out with 付け加える to add (one thing to another), to add (a few more words, an explanation 付属 being attached (to), being affiliated (to), belonging (to) 付録 appendix, supplement, annex 仙 hermit, wizard, cent 代 substitute, change, convert 代わる to succeed, to relieve, to replace 代わる代わる alternately, by turns 代弁 speaking by proxy, speaking for (someone else), acting as spokesman (for) 代用 substitution 以て with, by, by means of 仮 sham, temporary, interim 仮令 even if, no matter (what), if 仰ぐ to look up (at), to look up to, to respect 仰っしゃる to say, to speak, to tell 仲人 go-between, matchmaker 件 affair, case, matter 任す to entrust (to someone), to leave (in someone's hands) 任務 duty, function, office 任命 appointment, nomination, ordination 企画 planning, plan, project 伐 fell, strike, attack 休める to rest, to suspend, to give relief 休学 temporary absence from school 休戦 cease-fire, truce, armistice 会見 interview, audience, meeting 会談 talks (i.e. formal discussions), conference, meeting 伜 son, my son 伝来 introduction (from abroad), transmission (through successive generations), being handed down (from generation to generation) 伝言 (verbal) message, word (from someone), rumour 伝説 legend, folklore, tradition 伝達 transmission (e.g. news, chemical signals, electricity) 伴う to accompany, to go hand in hand with, to be consequent upon 似通う to resemble closely 位地 place, position, location 住 dwell, reside, live 佐 assistant, help 体付き body build, figure 体力 physical strength, power, stamina 体格 build, physique, frame 体裁 (outward) appearance, (proper) format (e.g. of an essay), form 体験 (practical) experience, personal experience, hands-on experience 何しろ in any case, at any rate, anyhow 何だか (a) little, somewhat, somehow 何て how ...!, what ...!, what? 何と what, how, what (a) ...! 何となく somehow or other, for some reason or another, without knowing why 何とも really, very, extremely 何なり anything, whatever 何の what, what kind of, what sort of 何も (not) anything, (nothing) at all, (not) any 何より above anything else, above all, more than anything 何れ which, where, who 何処 where, what place, how much (long 何処か somewhere, in some respects, in some way 何卒 please, kindly, I beg of you 何故 why 何故なら because, the reason is, if you want to know why 何方 which way, which direction, where 何時 when, at what moment, what time 何時か sometime, someday, one day 何時でも always, all the time, at all times 何時の間にか before one knows, before one becomes aware of, unnoticed 何時までも forever, eternally, for good 何時も always, all the time, at all times 何気ない casual, unconcerned, nonchalant 余地 place, room, margin 余所見 looking away, looking aside 余暇 leisure, leisure time, spare time 余程 very, greatly, much 余興 performance (at a party or banquet, etc.), side show 作 make, production, prepare 作り making, forming, cultivating 作戦 tactics, strategy, military operation 作用 action, operation, process 佳句 beautiful passage of literature 使い道 purpose, utility, objective 使命 mission, errand, task 使用人 employee, servant 例え example, simile, metaphor 侍 waiter, samurai, wait upon 供 submit, offer, present 依 reliant, depend on, consequently 依って therefore, consequently, accordingly 依存 dependence, reliance 依然 still, as yet, as it has been 侮辱 insult, affront, slight 侵す to invade, to raid, to violate (airspace 侵略 invasion (e.g. of a country), raid, aggression 便宜 convenience, accommodation, advantage 係り charge, duty, person in charge 促す to urge, to encourage, to press 促進 promotion, acceleration, encouragement 俄か sudden, abrupt, unexpected 保つ to keep, to preserve, to hold 保守 maintenance, conservatism, conservativeness 保母 (female) childcare worker, nursery school teacher 保温 retaining warmth, keeping heat in, heat insulation 保管 charge, custody, safekeeping 保育 nursing (esp. an animal), suckling, (feeding and) raising 保護 protection, safeguard, guardianship 保険 insurance, guarantee, warranty 保障 guarantee, security, assurance 保養 health preservation, recuperation, recreation 信任 trust, confidence, credence 信者 believer, adherent, devotee 修了 completion (of a course) 修士 master's (degree) 修学 learning 修行 training, practice, discipline 修飾 ornamentation, embellishment, decoration 俺 I, myself 個 individual, counter for articles 個々 individual, one by one, separate 個別 individual, separate, personal 個性 individuality, personality, quirk 倍率 magnification, leverage, amplification 倒産 (corporate) bankruptcy, insolvency, commercial failure 借り borrowing, debt, loan 倣 emulate, imitate 値する to be worth, to be worthy of, to deserve 値引き price reduction, discount 値打ち value, worth, merit 倹約 thrift, economy, frugality 偏 partial, side, left-side radical 偏る to lean (to one side), to incline, to be unbalanced (e.g. diet) 偏見 prejudice, bias, distorted view 偖 well, now 停滞 stagnation, tie-up, standstill 健やか vigorous, healthy, sound 健全 healthy, sound, wholesome 健在 in good health, alive and well, going strong 側面 side, flank, profile 偶に occasionally, once in a while, now and then 偽造 forgery, counterfeiting, fabrication 傍ら side, edge, beside 傑 greatness, excellence 備え付ける to provide, to furnish, to equip 備わる to be furnished with, to be provided with, to be equipped with 催す to hold (an event), to give (a dinner, party 傲る to be proud, to be haughty, to be arrogant 傷付く to be wounded, to get injured, to get hurt feelings 傾 lean, incline, tilt 傾ける to incline, to lean, to tip 傾斜 inclination, slant, slope 僅 a wee bit 働 work, (kokuji) 像 statue, picture, image 僧 Buddhist priest, monk 優 tenderness, excel, surpass 優位 predominance, superiority, ascendancy 優先 preference, priority, precedence 優勢 superiority, superior power, predominance 優美 grace, refinement, elegance 優越 supremacy, predominance, being superior to 元年 first year (of an imperial era), year something (important) first happened or began 元来 originally, essentially, naturally 元素 element, chemical element, (classical) element (e.g. earth 元首 sovereign, ruler, head of state 充実 fullness, completeness, perfection 兆 portent, 10**12, trillion 兆し sign, indication, omen 先だって the other day, some time ago, recently 先に formerly 先代 previous generation (of a family), previous head of the family, one's (late) father 先先月 month before last 先先週 week before last 先天的 inborn, innate, inherent 先着 arriving first 先行 going ahead, going first, preceding 光沢 brilliance, polish, lustre 光熱費 cost of fuel and lighting, cost of heat and electricity, energy bill 免れる to escape (disaster, death, etc.) 免除 exemption, exoneration, discharge 兎に角 anyway, anyhow, at any rate 兎も角 anyhow, anyway, somehow or other 兎角 (doing) various things, (doing) this and that, being apt to 児 newborn babe, child, young of animals 入手 acquisition, obtaining, procurement 入浴 bathing, going in the bath 入賞 winning a prize, placing (high; in a contest) 全快 complete recovery of health 全滅 total destruction, complete destruction, annihilation 全盛 height of prosperity 公 public, prince, official 公募 public appeal (e.g. for contributions), public advertisement (of a post), open recruitment 公団 public corporation, public housing 公演 public performance, exhibition in a foreign country 公然 open, public, official 公用 official business, government business, public business 公立 public (institution) 公認 official recognition, official approval, certification 公開 opening to the public, making available to the public, exhibiting 共 together, both, neither 共働き (husband and wife) both working, dual income 共和 republicanism, cooperation, working together 共存 coexistence 共学 coeducation 共感 sympathy, empathy, response 共産 communism, Communist Party 共稼ぎ (husband and wife) earning a living together 共鳴 resonance, sympathy (with a view, idea 兵器 arms, weapon, ordnance 兵士 soldier 其の儘 without change, as is, just like 其れ that, it, then 其れから and then, after that 其れで so, therefore, and 其れでは well, ..., right 其れでも but (still), and yet, nevertheless 其れとも or, or else 其れに besides, in addition, also 其れ故 therefore, for that reason, so 其れ程 to that degree, to that extent, that much 其処 (not) so much, (not) that much 其処で so, accordingly, now 其処ら around there, that area, that 其方 that way, that direction, there 兼ねて previously, already, for some time 兼業 perusing as a side business, doing in addition to one's main work, running (businesses) simultaneously 兼用 multi-use, combined use, combination 内乱 civil war, insurrection, rebellion 内臓 internal organs, viscera 内訳 itemization (of expenses), the items, breakdown 内部 interior, inside, internal 内閣 cabinet (of a government), ministry 内陸 inland 円満 harmonious, peaceful, happy 円滑 smooth, undisturbed, uninterrupted 冊 tome, counter for books, volume 再 again, twice, second time 再会 meeting again, reunion 再建 (temple or shrine) rebuilding 再現 reappearance, reemergence, return 再生 restoration to life, coming to life again, resuscitation 再発 return, relapse, recurrence 冒頭 beginning, opening, start 写し copy, duplicate, facsimile 冬眠 hibernation, winter sleep, torpor 冴える to be clear (of a sight, sound, colour 冷やかす to banter, to make fun of, to jeer at 冷淡 cool, indifferent, apathetic 冷蔵 cold storage, refrigeration 冷酷 cruelty, coldheartedness, relentless 凌ぐ to endure, to keep out (e.g. rain), to stave off (e.g. starvation) 凝らす to concentrate, to focus on, to devote 凝る to stiffen, to harden 几帳面 methodical, precise, meticulous 凡そ about, roughly, approximately 凡ゆる all, every 処分 disposal, throwing away, selling off 処置 measure, step, dealing with 処罰 punishment, penalty 凭れる to lean against, to lean on, to recline on 凶作 bad harvest, poor crop 出くわす to happen to meet, to come across, to run into 出世 success in life, getting ahead, successful career 出入り口 exit and entrance 出切る to be out of, to have no more at hand 出動 mobilization, going into action, being dispatched 出合う to meet (by chance), to come across, to run across 出品 exhibiting, showing, putting on display 出来物 able man, fine man 出演 appearance (in a film, play, TV show 出生 birth 出産 childbirth, (giving) birth, delivery 出直し starting from scratch, making a fresh start, redoing 出社 going to work (e.g. in the morning), coming to work 出血 bleeding, haemorrhage, hemorrhage 出費 expenses, disbursements 出題 setting a question (for an exam, quiz, etc.) 出鱈目 nonsense, irresponsible remark, codswallop 刃 blade, sword, edge 分子 molecule, numerator, element (of a group) 分担 taking on one's share (e.g. of work), dividing (work, expenses 分散 dispersion, breakup, scattering 分業 division of labor, division of labour, specialization 分母 denominator 分裂 split, division, break up 分配 division, splitting, sharing 分離 separation, partition, detachment 切っ掛け chance, start, cue 切ない painful, heartrending, trying 切り end, finish, place to stop 切り替える to change, to exchange, to convert 切れ目 gap, break, rift 切実 earnest, sincere, acute 切開 incision, operation, section 刊行 publication, issue 刑 punish, penalty, sentence 刑罰 (criminal) punishment, penalty, sentence 初 first time, beginning 初版 first edition 初耳 something heard for the first time, hearing something for the first time 判 judgement, judgment, signature 判定 judgement, judgment, decision 判決 judicial decision, judgement, judgment 利子 interest (on a deposit, loan, etc.) 利息 interest (on a loan, deposit etc.) 利根 intelligence, cleverness, innate aptitude 利潤 profit, returns 利点 advantage, point in favor, point in favour 到底 (cannot) possibly, (not) by any means, (not) at all 到達 reaching, attaining, arrival 制 system, law, rule 制する to hold back (e.g. emotions), to rein in (e.g. a horse, unruly people) 制定 enactment, establishment, creation 制服 uniform 制約 limitation, restriction, condition 制裁 sanctions, punishment 刷り printing 刺 thorn, pierce, stab 刺繍 embroidery 削減 cut, reduction, curtailment 前もって in advance, beforehand, previously 前例 precedent 前売り advance sale, booking 前提 condition, assumption, prerequisite 前置き preface, introduction, preamble 前途 future, prospects, outlook 剥がす to tear off, to peel off, to rip off 剥ぐ to tear off, to peel off, to rip off 剥げる to peel off, to come off, to flake off 副 vice-, assistant, aide 割 proportion, comparatively, divide 割り当て allotment, assignment, allocation 割り算 division 割り込む to cut into (a line, conversation, etc.) 割合に comparatively 割引き discount, reduction, rebate 創刊 foundation (of a newspaper, magazine, etc.) 創立 establishment, founding, organization 創造 creation, Creation (by God) 劇団 troupe, theatrical company 加入 joining (a club, organization, etc.) 加味 seasoning, flavoring, flavouring 加工 manufacturing, processing, treatment 加留多 karuta, traditional Japanese playing cards, esp. hyakunin isshu karuta or iroha karuta 助 help, rescue, assist 助け assistance, help, aid 助動詞 inflecting dependent word (in Japanese), bound auxiliary, auxiliary verb (in languages other than Japanese) 助言 advice, counsel, suggestion 助詞 particle, postpositional word in Japanese grammar that functions as an auxiliary to a main word 努めて as much as possible, as far as possible, to the best of one's ability 励ます to encourage, to cheer on, to cheer (someone) up 励む to work hard, to try hard, to strive 労る to pity, to sympathize with, to sympathise with 労力 labour, labor, effort 効き目 effect, virtue, efficacy 効率 efficiency 勇敢 brave, courageous, gallant 動き movement, move, motion 動力 power, motive power, three-phase electricity 動向 trend, tendency, movement 動員 mobilization, mobilisation 動揺 shaking, trembling, pitching 動機 motive, incentive, motif 動的 dynamic, kinetic 勘弁 pardon, forgiveness, forbearance 勝る to excel, to surpass, to exceed 勝利 victory, triumph, win 募る to become stronger, to grow in intensity, to grow violent 募金 fundraising, collection of contributions, donating 勢力 influence, power, might 勤まる to be fit (for a role), to be qualified (for), to be equal (to a task) 勤め先 place of work 勤労 labor, labour, exertion 勤勉 diligent, hard-working, industrious 勤務 service, duty, work 勧め recommendation, advice, suggestion 勧告 advice, counsel, remonstrance 勧誘 invitation, solicitation, canvassing 化ける to age, to grow old (esp. in appearance), to show marks of age 化する to change (into), to turn (into), to transform (into) 化合 chemical combination 化石 fossil, petrifaction, petrification 化繊 synthetic fiber, synthetic fibre, chemical fiber 匹 equal, head, counter for small animals 匹敵 to be a match for, to rival, to equal 区 ward, district 区々 various, diverse, different 区切り pause (in speech, writing, etc.) 区画 division, section, compartment 区間 section (of track, etc.), segment 十字路 crossroads, intersection 半端 remnant, fragment, incomplete set 卑しい lowborn, humble, lowly 協会 association, society, organization 協定 arrangement, pact, agreement 協調 cooperation, conciliation, harmony 協議 conference, consultation, discussion 単 simple, one, single 単一 D battery, D cell 単独 sole, single, solo 単調 monotony, monotone, dullness 占領 occupying, having (an area) all to oneself, military occupation 卯 sign of the hare or rabbit, fourth sign of Chinese zodiac, 5-7AM 印鑑 stamp, seal 危ぶむ to fear, to doubt, to have misgivings about 危害 injury, harm, danger 危機 crisis, critical situation, emergency 即する to conform to, to agree with, to be adapted to 即ち that is (to say), namely, i.e. 即座に immediately, right away, on the spot 原っぱ open field, empty lot, plain 原作 original work 原典 original (text) 原則 principle, general rule, as a rule 原子 atom 原形 original form, base form 原文 original text 原書 original document (not a copy or adaptation), book in its original language (esp. a European language) 原油 crude oil 原点 starting point, origin, beginning 原爆 atomic bomb, A-bomb 厭々 unwillingly, reluctantly, grudgingly 厭らしい unpleasant, disagreeable, nasty 厳か solemn (ceremony, atmosphere, etc.) 厳密 strict, close, precise 参上 calling on, visiting 参照 reference (e.g. to a dictionary, passage, footnotes) 参議院 House of Councillors (upper house of the National Diet of Japan) 及び and, as well as 及ぶ to reach, to amount to, to befall 反 anti- 反する to be contrary (to), to go against, to run counter (to) 反り turning over, flipping over, reply 反乱 insurrection, mutiny, rebellion 反射 reflection, reverberation, reflex 反応 reaction, response 反感 antipathy, antagonism, animosity 反撃 counterattack, counteroffensive, counterblow 反発 opposition, rebellion, revolt 反響 echo, reverberation, response 収まる to fit into (a box, frame, category 収容 accommodation, taking in, receiving 収支 income and expenditure 収益 earnings, proceeds, returns 収集 collecting, accumulating, gathering 取っ手 handle, grip, knob 取りあえず first of all, at once, right away 取り分 one's share, one's portion 取り寄せる to order, to send away for, to have (something) sent to one 取り巻く to surround, to encircle, to enclose 取り引き transactions, dealings, business 取り戻す to take back, to get back, to regain 取り扱い treatment, service, handling 取り扱う to handle, to operate (a machine, etc.) 取り替え swap, exchange 取り次ぐ to pass on (a message, thoughts, etc.) 取り混ぜる to mix, to put together 取り立てる to collect (debts), to dun, to exact 取り組む to grapple with, to wrestle with, to engage in a bout 取り締まり control, management, supervision 取り締まる to manage, to control, to supervise 取り調べる to investigate, to examine 取り除く to remove, to deinstall, to take away 取材 gathering material (for an article, novel, etc.) 受かる to pass (examination) 受け付ける to accept, to receive (an application), to take up 受け入れ receiving, acceptance, reception 受け入れる to accept, to receive, to agree 受け取り receiving, receipt 受け止める to catch, to stop the blow, to react to 受け継ぐ to inherit, to succeed, to take over 受身 the defensive, passive attitude, passivity 口ずさむ to hum (a tune), to sing to oneself, to croon 口述 dictation, verbal statement 口頭 oral, verbal, spoken 古 old 古代 ancient times, distant past, antiquity 叫び shout, cry, outcry 召す to call, to summon, to send for 可哀想 poor, pitiable, pathetic 可愛い cute, adorable, charming 可愛がる to be affectionate to, to treat tenderly, to dote on 可愛らしい lovely, sweet, pretty 可成 considerably, fairly, quite 可笑しい funny, amusing, comical 台本 script, libretto, scenario 台無し spoiled, spoilt, ruined 叶う to come true (of a wish, prayer, etc.) 叶える to grant (request, wish), to answer (prayer) 号 nickname, number, item 司る to be in charge of, to manage, to direct 司法 administration of justice, judicature 吃逆 hiccup, hiccough 吃驚 surprise 各 each, every, either 各種 every kind, all sorts 合わす to match (rhythm, speed, etc.) 合わせ joint together, opposite, facing 合併 merger (of companies, towns, etc.) 合唱 singing together, singing in union, chorus 合意 (coming to an) agreement, consent, mutual understanding 合成 composition, synthesis, compounding 合致 agreement, concurrence, conformance 合議 consultation, conference, discussion 合間 interval, break, pause 吊り革 strap (to hang onto), hanging strap 吊るす to hang, to hang up 同 same, agree, equal 同い年 the same age 同士 fellow, mutual, companion 同封 enclosing (e.g. with a letter) 同居 living together, coexistence 同志 like-mindedness, (being of the) same mind, shared sentiment 同情 sympathy, compassion, pity 同意 agreement, consent, approval 同感 same feeling, same sentiment, same opinion 同盟 Japanese Confederation of Labor (1964-1987) (abbr), Dōmei 同等 equality, equal, same rights 同級 the same grade, same class 同調 conformity, alignment, agreement 名付ける to name, to call, to christen 名札 name plate, name tag, label 名残 remains, traces, vestiges 名産 noted product, local specialty 名称 name, title 名簿 proof of identity (for nobles, doctors, etc.; Heian period) 名誉 honor, honour, credit 名高い famous, noted, renowned 向き direction, orientation, aspect 向け intended for ..., oriented towards ..., aimed at ... 向上 elevation, rise, improvement 君主 monarch, sovereign, ruler 吝嗇 stinginess, miserliness, penny-pinching 吟味 close examination, careful investigation, close inspection 否決 rejection, negation, voting down 含嗽 gargling, rinsing one's mouth 吹奏 playing (a wind instrument), blowing 呆れる to be amazed, to be shocked, to be astonished 呆気ない unsatisfying, disappointing, abrupt 呆然 dumbfounded, overcome with surprise, in blank amazement 呉れる to give, to let (one) have, to give 呉れ呉れも sincerely, earnestly, wholeheartedly 告げる to tell, to inform, to announce 告白 confession (to a crime, wrongdoing, etc.) 呟く to mutter, to murmur, to grumble 周 circumference, circuit, lap 周期 cycle, period 味わい flavour, flavor, taste 味覚 (sense of) taste, palate 呼び止める to (call and) stop, to call (someone) to stop, to hail (e.g. a taxi) 命中 (direct) hit, hitting the mark 咄嗟 moment, instant 和 harmony, Japanese style, peace 和やか mild, calm, gentle 和らげる to soften, to moderate, to relieve 和文 Japanese text, sentence in Japanese 和風 Japanese style, light wind, moderate breeze 咎める to blame, to reproach, to censure 品種 type (of goods), sort, (taxonomical) form 品質 quality (of a product or a service) 哉 how, what, alas 員 employee, member, number 唱える to recite, to chant, to cry 唸る to groan, to moan, to roar 唾 saliva, sputum 商 make a deal, selling, dealing in 問 question, ask, problem 問い合わせる to enquire, to inquire, to seek information 問う to ask, to inquire, to blame (someone) for 問屋 wholesale store, wholesale dealer, wholesaler 善し悪し right or wrong, good or bad, quality 善良 good (person, nature, etc.) 喋る to talk, to chat, to chatter 喜劇 comedy 喧しい noisy, boisterous 喫茶 tea drinking, teahouse, tearoom 営む to run (a business), to operate, to conduct 嗚呼 ah!, oh!, alas! 嗜好 taste, liking, preference 嘆く to lament, to grieve, to regret 嘗て once, before, formerly 嘗める to lick, to lap, to suck 嘘つき liar, fibber, lying 嘴 beak, bill 嘸 how, indeed, I dare say 噛み切る to bite off, to gnaw through 噛る to gnaw, to nibble, to bite 器 utensil, vessel, receptacle 器官 organ 噴出 spewing, gushing, spouting 嚏 sneeze 囀る to sing, to chirp, to twitter 回収 collection, recovery, withdrawal 回覧 circulation (esp. documents), sending round 回路 circuit (electric), cycle (e.g. Krebs cycle) 回送 forwarding, sending on, redirecting (e.g. mail) 団扇 uchiwa, type of traditional Japanese handheld fan 団結 unity, union, solidarity 図々しい impudent, shameless, brazen 図る to plan, to attempt, to devise 固める to harden, to freeze, to strengthen 固体 solid (body), solid matter, solid-state 固定 fixing (in place), being fixed (in place), securing 固有 characteristic, traditional, peculiar 国交 diplomatic relations 国土 country, territory, domain 国定 state-sponsored, national 国有 national ownership, state ownership, government ownership 国産 domestically produced, domestic, Japanese-made 国連 United Nations, UN 国防 national defence, national defense 圏 sphere, circle, radius 園 park, garden, yard 土俵 (wrestling) ring, forum (e.g. for discussion), sandbag 土台 foundation, base, basis 土手 embankment, bank, beef sinew stewed in miso and mirin 土木 engineering works, civil engineering, public works 圧力 pressure, stress, pressure (e.g. political) 圧迫 pressure, oppression, suppression 在庫 stock, inventory 地主 landowner, landlord, landlady 地元 home area, home town, local 地形 terrain, geographical features, topography 地獄 hell realm, Naraka, Hell 均衡 equilibrium, balance 坊ちゃん (another's) son, boy, young master 垂れる to droop, to hang down, to weep 垢 dirt, grime, earwax 埋まる to be buried, to be covered, to be surrounded 埋め込む to bury, to embed, to implant 埋蔵 burying in the ground, having underground deposits 城下 land near a castle, castle town 域外 outside the area 執着 attachment, adhesion, insistence 基金 fund, foundation 堂々 magnificent, grand, impressive 堤防 bank, weir, embankment 堪える to bear, to stand, to endure 堪らない intolerable, unbearable, unendurable 報じる to report, to inform, to repay 報ずる to report, to inform, to repay 報道 report (of news), reporting, news 報酬 remuneration, recompense, reward 填まる to fit, to get into, to go into 填める to fit (e.g. a pane into a frame), to insert (e.g. a cork), to fasten (a button) 塵取り dustpan 塾 cram school, private school 境遇 one's circumstances, environment, situation (in life) 墓地 cemetery, graveyard 増し better, preferable, less objectionable 増強 reinforcement, augmentation, strengthening 増進 promoting, increase, advance 墜落 fall, crash (of an aircraft) 壇 podium, stage, rostrum 壮大 magnificent, grand, majestic 声明 sabdavidya (ancient Indian linguistic and grammatical studies), chanting of Buddhist hymns (usu. in Sanskrit or Chinese) 売り出し (bargain) sale 売り出す to put on the market, to put out for sale, to put on sale 売れ行き sales, demand 壷 jar, pot, hinge knuckle 変動 change, fluctuation 変遷 change, transition, vicissitudes 変革 change, transformation, reform 夕暮れ evening, dusk, twilight 夕焼け evening glow, red sunset, afterglow (of sunset) 外方 outsider, one not included in the favored group, outside daimyo 外来 foreign, imported, outpatient 外相 Foreign Minister 外観 outward appearance, exterior appearance, outward show 外貨 foreign currency, foreign money, foreign exchange 多忙 being very busy, busyness 多数決 majority decision, majority vote, majority rule 多様 diverse, varied 夜具 bedding, bedclothes 夜更かし staying up late, keeping late hours, sitting up late at night 夜更け late at night, small hours of the morning 夥しい large number, innumerable, great many 大げさ exaggerated, overdone, overblown 大ざっぱ rough (estimate, summary, etc.) 大人しい gentle, quiet, mild 大便 feces, faeces, excrement 大幅 big, large, drastic 大方 large part, greater part, majority 大柄 arrogant, haughty, insolent 大概 generally, mainly, usually 大水 flood 大空 wide open sky, the blue, heavens 大筋 outline, summary, gist 大胆 bold, daring, audacious 大衆 general public, the masses 大部 lengthy (of a book, etc.), voluminous 大金 large amount of money, great cost 天 heavens, sky, imperial 天井 ceiling, ceiling price, (price) ceiling 天体 heavenly body, celestial body, astronomical object 天国 paradise, heaven, Kingdom of Heaven 天地 heaven and earth, the universe, the world 天才 genius, prodigy, natural gift 天災 natural calamity, disaster 失格 disqualification, elimination, incapacity 失調 lack of harmony, lack of balance, lack of coordination 奇数 odd number 奇麗 pretty, lovely, beautiful 奉る to offer, to present, to set someone up in a high position 奉仕 service, ministry, attendance 契る to pledge, to vow, to promise 契機 opportunity, chance, trigger 奨励 encouragement, promotion, inducement 奮闘 strenuous effort, hard struggle, working hard 女史 lady (of high social status; e.g. scholar, artist, critic 奴 guy, slave, manservant 好い good, excellent, fine 好ましい nice, likeable, desirable 好意 kindness, favor, favour 好況 prosperous (economic) conditions, favourable conditions, (economic) boom 好評 favorable reception, good reputation, popularity 好調 favourable, favorable, promising 如何 how, in what way, how about 如何して how, in what way, by what means 如何しても by all means, at any cost, no matter what 如何に how, in what way, how (much) 如何にも (not) in any way, in no way, at all 妊娠 pregnancy, conception, gestation 妥協 compromise, giving in 妥結 settlement, an agreement 妨害 obstruction, hindrance, blocking 妬む to be jealous of, to envy, to begrudge 始めまして nice to meet you, I'm glad to make your acquaintance, how do you do? 始末 management, dealing with, settlement 始発 first departure (of the day), first train, first bus 姓名 (full) name, family name and given name 委託 entrusting (something to a person), consignment (of goods), putting in someone's charge 威力 power, might, authority 婉曲 euphemistic, circumlocutory, roundabout 婿 bridegroom, son-in-law 嫉妬 jealousy, envy 嬢 lass, girl, Miss 子息 (another's) son 字体 form of a character (e.g. simplified, traditional), type 存続 continuance, survival, persistence 季刊 quarterly publication 孤児 orphan, person without friends 孤独 solitude, loneliness, isolation 孤立 isolation, being alone, being friendless 学士 university graduate, bachelor, bachelor's degree 学歴 academic background, academic credentials, academic record 学芸 Tokyo Gakugei University (abbr.) 学説 theory 守備 defense, defence 守衛 (security) guard, caretaker, janitor 安っぽい cheap-looking, tawdry, insignificant 安静 rest, quiet, repose 完璧 perfect, complete, flawless 官僚 bureaucrat, government official, bureaucracy 宙返り somersault, looping-the-loop 定まる to become settled, to be fixed 定める to decide, to determine, to establish 定年 (compulsory) retirement age, age limit, (compulsory) retirement (on reaching retirement age) 定義 definition 定食 set meal, special (of the day) 宛 address, just like, fortunately 宛てる to address 宜しく well, properly, suitably 宝器 treasured article or vessel, outstanding individual 実情 real condition, actual circumstances, actual state of affairs 実態 true state, actual condition, reality 実業家 businessperson, businessman, businesswoman 実費 actual expenses, out-of-pocket expenses, cost price 実質 substance, essence, substantive 実践 practice, putting into practice, implementation 客観 objectivity, objective, object (philosophical) 宣教 religious mission, religious proclamation 宣言 declaration, proclamation, announcement 室 room, apartment, chamber 宮殿 palace 害する to injure, to damage, to harm 家出 running away from home, elopement, outing 家来 retainer, vassal, follower 家畜 domestic animals, livestock, cattle 家計 household economy, family finances 容易い easy, simple, light 宿命 fate, destiny, predestination 寄こす to send, to forward, to hand over (e.g. money) 寄り掛かる to lean against, to recline on, to lean on 寄与 contribution, service 寄贈 donation, presentation, gift 密か secret, private, surreptitious 密度 density 密接 close (relationship, connection, etc.) 密集 crowding together, clustering together, close formation 富 wealth, enrich, abundant 富む to be rich in, to abound in, to be abundant in 富豪 wealthy person, millionaire 寒気 chill, the shivers, shivering fit 寛容 tolerance, open-mindedness, forbearance 寝かせる to put to bed, to let sleep, to lay (something) down 察する to guess, to sense, to presume 審査 judging, inspection, examination 審議 deliberation, discussion, consideration 対して for, in regard to, per 対処 dealing with, coping with 対応 correspondence (to), equivalence, suitability 対抗 opposition, rivalry, competition 対比 contrast, comparison 対決 confrontation, showdown 対立 confrontation, opposition, antagonism 対等 equality (esp. of status), equal footing, equal terms 対話 dialogue, conversation, talk 対談 talk, dialogue, conversation 対辺 opposite side 対面 opposite player, opposite side, (person) directly opposite 封 seal, closing 封建 feudalistic 封鎖 blockade, lockdown, sealing off (an area) 専ら wholly, solely, entirely 専修 specialization, specialisation 専用 (one's) exclusive use, private use, personal use 尉 military officer, jailer, old man 尊い precious, valuable, priceless 尊ぶ to value, to prize, to esteem 導く to guide, to lead, to show the way 導入 introduction, bringing in, installation 小児科 pediatrics 小切手 cheque, check 小売 retail 小柄 sterigma 小銭 small change, coins, small sum of money 少なくとも at least 少数 small number, few, minority 尚 esteem, furthermore, still 尚更 still more, even more, all the more 就業 employment, starting work 尻尾 tail (of an animal), tail end, tip 尽きる to be used up, to be run out, to be exhausted 尽くす to use up, to exhaust, to run out of 尾 tail, end, counter for fish 尿 urine 局限 limit, localize, localise 居住 residence, living (at, in) 屈折 bending, curving, twisting 届け report, notification, registration 屋敷 residence, estate, grounds 屎尿 excreta, raw sewage, human waste 展望 view, outlook, prospect 展示 exhibition, display 屡 often, frequently 履歴 personal history, background, career 山岳 mountain chain, mountains 山脈 mountain range, mountain belt 山腹 hillside, mountainside 屹度 surely, undoubtedly, almost certainly 岩石 rock 峰 summit, peak 崇拝 worship, adoration, admiration 崖 cliff, bluff, precipice 崩壊 collapse, crumbling, breaking down 嵩む to mount up, to pile up, to accumulate 嵩張る to be bulky, to be unwieldy, to grow voluminous 工作 handicraft, work, construction 工学 engineering 左利き left-handedness, left-handed person, left-hander 左様なら farewell, adieu, goodbye 左程 (not) so, (not) particularly, (not) very 巧み skillful, adroit, dexterous 巧妙 ingenious, skillful, clever 巨 gigantic, big, large 差し出す to hold out, to extend (e.g. a hand), to present 差し引く to deduct, to take away, to dock 差し掛かる to come near (to), to approach, to be on the verge of 差し支える to interfere (with), to hinder, to be hindered (from doing) 差異 difference, disparity, gap 差額 balance, difference (in price, cost) 巻 scroll, volume, book 市街 urban areas, the streets, town 布告 edict, ordinance, proclamation 布巾 dish towel, tea towel, dishcloth 帯びる to wear (a sword, decoration, etc.) 帰京 returning (home) to Tokyo, returning to the capital 帳 notebook, account book, album 干し物 things dried in the sun (esp. clothes, dyed cloth, etc.) 干渉 interference, intervention, meddling 平たい flat, even, level 平常 normal, usual, ordinary 平方 square (e.g. metre) 平行 parallelism, running parallel (to, with) 年号 name of an imperial era (e.g. Heisei, Shōwa), Japanese era name 年寄り old person, elderly person, senior citizen 年生 nth-year student, nth-year pupil 年輪 annual tree ring, growth ring, experience in life 年鑑 yearbook, almanac, annual 年長 senior, older, third-year kindergarten student 年頃 approximate age, apparent age, marriageable age (esp. of a woman) 幹 tree trunk, main part, talent 幹線 main line, trunk line 幹部 management, (executive) staff, leaders 幽霊 ghost, specter, spectre 幾多 many, numerous 庁 government office 広まる to spread, to be propagated 度々 often, again and again, over and over 度忘れ lapse of memory, (something) slipping one's mind, forgetting for a moment something one knows well 座標 coordinate, coordinates 座談会 symposium, round-table discussion 庶務 general affairs 庶民 common people, ordinary people, masses 廃れる to go out of use, to become obsolete, to die out 廃棄 disposal, abandonment, scrapping 廃止 abolition, discontinuance, discontinuation 延いては by extension, in turn, by the same token 延べ futures, credit (buying), stretching 建前 face, official stance, public position or attitude (as opposed to private thoughts) 弁償 compensation, indemnification, reparation 弁解 explanation (e.g. for one's actions), excuse, justification 弁論 discussion, debate, argument 弁護 defense, defence, pleading 弄る to finger, to tamper (with) 式場 ceremonial hall (e.g. wedding, funeral), hall for ceremonies 弓 bow, bow (archery, violin) 引きずる to drag, to trail, to pull along the ground 引き上げる to pull up, to drag up, to lift up 引き下げる to pull down, to lower, to reduce 引き分け draw (in competition), tie game 引き取る to take into one's possession, to receive, to accept 引き受ける to take on, to undertake, to accept 引き起こす to cause, to induce, to bring about 引っ掛ける to hang (something) on (something), to throw on (clothes), to hook 引っ掻く to scratch, to claw 弛み relaxing, remitting, slackening 弛む to slacken, to loosen, to relax 弱 weak, frail 弱まる to abate, to weaken, to be emaciated 弱める to weaken 弱る to weaken, to grow weak, to wane 張り紙 paper patch attached to something, paper backing, sticker 強いて by force 強いる to force, to compel, to coerce 強まる to get strong, to gain strength 強める to strengthen, to emphasize, to emphasise 強制 compulsion, coercion, forcing (to do) 強烈 strong, intense, severe 強硬 firm, strong, unbending 強行 forcing (e.g. a vote), carrying out (forcibly), pushing ahead (with) 強請る to solicit, to demand, to extort 弾む to spring, to bound, to bounce 弾力 elasticity, flexibility 当たり hit, success, guess 当たり前 natural, reasonable, obvious 当て aim, object, purpose 当てはまる to apply (of a rule), to be applicable (of standards, lessons 当てはめる to apply, to adapt 当て字 kanji used as a phonetic symbol, instead of for the meaning, phonetic-equivalent character 当人 the person concerned, the person in question, the said person 当選 being elected, winning a prize (in a lottery, raffle 形勢 condition, situation, prospects 形態 form, shape, figure 形成 formation, molding, making (up) 役場 town hall 役立つ to be useful, to be helpful, to serve the purpose 役職 post, official position, managerial position 彼の that well-known ..., the one and only ..., that 彼処 there, over there, that place 彼方 distant place, faraway land 彼方此方 here and there, various places, all around 彼此 this and that, this or that, one thing or another 征服 conquest, subjugation, overcoming (a difficulty) 待ち合わせ appointment 待ち望む to wait eagerly for, to look forward to 待ち遠しい longed-for, anxiously awaited 待望 waiting expectantly, waiting eagerly, looking forward to 待遇 treatment, reception, service 後回し putting off, postponing 後悔 regret, repentance, remorse 後退 retreat, falling back, moving backwards 徐々 slow, gradual, steady 徐行 going slowly (esp. to enable a vehicle to stop immediately), going at a reduced speed, slowing down 徒歩 foot soldier (Edo period), samurai on foot, going on foot 従って therefore, consequently, accordingly 従事 engaging in (work), pursuing (e.g. studies), following (a profession) 従来 up to now, so far, traditional 従業員 employee, worker 得点 scoring, score, points made 御免ください may I come in?, please forgive me, I'm sorry 御免なさい I'm sorry, my apologies, excuse me 御手洗い toilet, restroom, lavatory 御覧なさい (please) look, see, (please) try to do 御負け something thrown in (with a purchase), something extra, free gift 復旧 restoration, restitution, rehabilitation 復活 revival (of an old system, custom, fashion 復興 revival, reconstruction, restoration 微か faint, dim, weak 微塵 particle, atom, little piece 微笑 smile 微量 minuscule amount, extremely small quantity 徴収 collection (of fees, taxes, etc.) 徹する to penetrate, to sink in, to devote oneself (to) 心中 one's heart, the mind, inner feelings 心地 padding, lining, foundation 心強い heartening, reassuring 心得 knowledge, understanding, rules 心情 sentiment, emotions, one's feelings 心掛け (mental) attitude, way of thinking, attention 心掛ける to keep in mind, to bear in mind, to try 心細い helpless, forlorn, hopeless 必修 required (subject) 必然 inevitable, necessary, certain 志 intention, plan, resolve 志す to plan, to intend, to aspire to 志向 intention, aim, preference (for) 志望 wish, desire, ambition 応募 application, subscription, entry (competition 応急 emergency, first-aid 忠告 advice, warning 忠実 diligent, hardworking, conscientious 快い pleasant, agreeable, comfortable 念 wish, sense, idea 忽ち in an instant, in a moment, immediately 怒り anger, rage, fury 怒鳴る to shout (in anger), to yell 思い付き idea, plan, fancy 思考 thought, consideration, thinking 怠い sluggish, languid, listless 怠慢 negligence, neglect, carelessness 急かす to hurry (up), to urge on, to press 怪獣 monster 怯える to become frightened, to be frightened (of), to be scared (of) 恋する to fall in love (with), to love 恋愛 love, love-making, passion 恐らく probably, (most) likely, in all likelihood 恐れ fear, horror, anxiety 恐れ入る to be sorry, to beg someone's pardon, to feel small 恥 shame, dishonor 恥じらう to feel shy, to be bashful, to blush 恥じる to feel ashamed 恰度 exactly, precisely, just 恵み blessing, grace 恵む to bless, to show mercy to, to give (money 悉く altogether, entirely 悟る to perceive, to sense, to become aware 悩ましい seductive, carnal, enchanting 悩ます to afflict, to torment, to harass 悩み trouble, troubles, worry 悪 bad, vice, rascal 悪化 deterioration, getting worse, worsening 悪戯 offensive joke 悪日 unlucky day 悪者 bad guy, villain, evildoer 悲惨 disastrous, tragic, miserable 悲観 pessimism, (taking a) gloomy view, discouragement 悲鳴 shriek, scream 情 feelings, emotion, passion 情け pity, sympathy, compassion 情け深い tender-hearted, compassionate, charitable 情勢 state of things, state of affairs, situation 情熱 passion, enthusiasm, zeal 情緒 emotion, feeling, atmosphere 惑星 planet, dark horse, surprise contender 惜しむ to spare, to grudge, to be sparing (with) 惨め miserable, wretched, unhappy 愈々 more and more, all the more, increasingly 意向 intention, idea, inclination 意図 intention, aim, design 意地 stubbornness, obstinacy, willpower 意欲 will, desire, eagerness 意気込む to be enthusiastic (about), to be eager (to do), to be keen 愚か foolish, stupid, silly 愚痴 idle complaint, grumble, moha (ignorance 愛でたい happy, auspicious, propitious 愛想 amiability, friendliness, affability 愛憎 love and hate 感度 sensitivity (e.g. of a measuring instrument), reception (radio, TV 感慨 deep emotion, strong feelings 感染 infection, contagion, becoming infected 感無量 deep emotion, being filled with emotion 感触 feel (of something), touch, texture 態々 expressly, especially, specially 態と on purpose, deliberately, intentionally 態勢 attitude, posture, preparedness 慌ただしい busy, hectic, hurried 慌てる to become confused (disconcerted, disorganized, disorganised) 慎む to be careful, to be discreet, to do in moderation 慕う to yearn for, to long for, to pine for 慣らす to accustom, to train (e.g. one's ear), to tame 慣れ practice, experience, habituation 慣例 custom, practice, convention 慣用 customary use, common usage, general usage 慣習 custom, convention, common practice 慣行 customary practice, habit, traditional event 憂鬱 depression, melancholy, dejection 憎しみ hatred 憤慨 indignation, resentment 憧れ yearning, longing, aspiration 懐く to hold in one's arms (e.g. a baby), to embrace, to hug 懲りる to learn by experience, to learn one's lesson, to learn the hard way 懸賞 offering a prize, prize competition, prize 成り立つ to consist of, to be made up of, to be composed of 成るべく as (much) as possible, as (much) as one can, wherever practicable 成る丈 as (much) as possible, as (much) as one can, wherever practicable 成年 adult age, majority 成果 (good) result, outcome, fruits (of one's labors) 成熟 maturity, ripeness 我がまま selfish, egoist, self-indulgent 或いは or, either ... or, maybe 或る a certain ..., some ... 戦 war, battle, match 戦力 war potential, military strength, fighting power 戦災 war damage 戦術 tactics 戦闘 battle, fight, combat 戯曲 drama, play, Chinese opera 戴きます thank you (for the meal just served), I receive (this meal) 戸籍 family register, census 戸締り locking up (doors and windows), fastening the doors 所が even so, however, still 所で by the way, incidentally, well 所在 location (of), position, whereabouts 所定 prescribed, designated, appointed 所属 belonging to (a group, organization, etc.) 所得 income, earnings 所持 possession, having (on one's person), carrying (with one) 所謂 what is called, what you call, what they call 扉 front door, title page, front page 手元 at hand, on hand, nearby 手分け division of labour, division of labor, splitting into groups (e.g. to search) 手回し turning by hand, hand-turned, hand-cranked 手引き guidance, lead, acting as guide 手当て salary, pay, compensation 手掛かり clue, lead, key 手掛ける to handle, to manage, to deal with 手数 trouble, bother, number of moves (in go 手本 model, (good) example, exemplar 手法 technique, method 手筈 arrangements, plan, programme 手芸 handicrafts 手軽 easy, simple, informal 手近 near, close by, within reach 手遅れ being too late, losing one's final chance 手配 arrangement, preparations, search (by police) 手錠 handcuffs, manacles, confinement in chains (Edo-era judicial corporal punishment) 手際 skill, ability, dexterity 手順 process, procedure, sequence 打ち切る to stop, to abort, to discontinue 打ち合わせ (preparatory) meeting, briefing session, (making) advance arrangements 打ち合わせる to knock together, to strike against each other, to arrange (e.g. a meeting) 打ち消し negation, denial, negative 打ち込む to throw into, to toss into, to fling into 打付ける to hit (e.g. one's head), to strike, to knock 打撃 blow, shock, strike 打開 break in the deadlock 扱い treatment, service, dealing (with) 扶養 support (e.g. of one's dependents), maintenance 承諾 consent, approval, acceptance 技 skill, art, craft 技能 technical skill, ability, capacity 把握 grasp (of the situation, meaning, etc.) 抑制 control, restraint, suppression 抑圧 check, restraint, oppression 抓る to pinch, to nip 投げ出す to throw down, to throw out, to stretch out (one's legs) 投入 throwing in, inserting, depositing (e.g. a ballot) 投資 investment 抗争 rivalry, feud, conflict 抗議 protest, objection 折り返す to turn up (hem, sleeves, etc.) 折衷 compromise, cross, blending 抜かす to omit, to leave out, to skip 抜け出す to slip out, to sneak away, to break free 押さえる to pin down, to hold down, to press down 押し寄せる to advance on, to close in, to march on 押し込む to push into, to cram into, to stuff into 抽選 lottery, raffle, drawing (of lots) 担う to carry on one's shoulder, to shoulder, to bear 担架 stretcher, litter, gurney 拐う to carry off, to run away with, to sweep away 拒否 refusal, rejection, denial 拒絶 refusal, rejection 拗れる to get twisted, to get crooked, to get warped 拘束 restriction, restraint, binding 招き invitation 拝借 borrowing 拝啓 Dear (so and so), Dear Sir, Dear Madam 拡散 spreading, disseminating, scattering 拵える to make, to manufacture 持ち having, holding, possessing 持ち切り hot topic, talk of the town 持てる to be able to possess (hold, get, etc.) 持て成す to treat (a guest), to receive, to entertain 持続 continuation, persisting, lasting 指令 order, directive, instructions 指図 directions, instructions, orders 指差す to point at 指揮 command, direction, supervision 指摘 pointing out, identification 指示 indication, denotation, designation 挑む to challenge to (a fight, game, etc.) 挑戦 challenge, defiance, dare 振り way, manner, style 振り出し shaking (something) out, starting point, beginning 振動 oscillation, vibration, swing (e.g. of a pendulum) 振興 promotion, encouragement 捕らえる to catch, to capture, to seize 捕吏 constable, policeman 捕獲 capture, seizure 捕虜 prisoner (of war), POW, captive 捕鯨 whaling, whale hunting, whale fishing 捗る to make (good) progress, to move right ahead (with the work), to advance 捜査 search (esp. in criminal investigations), investigation, inquiry 捜索 search (esp. for someone or something missing), manhunt, legally authorized search of a person 捧げる to lift up, to hold up, to hold above eye level 据える to place (in position), to fix, to set (e.g. table) 据え付ける to install, to equip, to mount 捲る to turn over, to turn (pages), to leaf through (a book 捻じれる to get twisted, to get crooked, to get warped 捻子 screw, key (of a clock, watch 授ける to grant, to give, to confer 掌 manipulate, rule, administer 排水 drainage, draining, pumping out (water) 排除 exclusion, removal, elimination 掛け -clad, in the midst of, tenths (e.g. wholesale price 採択 adoption, selection, choice 採掘 mining, digging, working (a mine) 採決 vote, ballot, division 採用 use, adoption, acceptance 採算 profit 採集 collecting, gathering 探検 exploration, expedition 接ぐ to join (cloth, wood, etc.) 接続詞 conjunction 接触 touch, contact, touching 控える to be temperate in, to refrain, to abstain 控室 waiting room, anteroom, antechamber 控除 subtraction, deduction (e.g. of tax) 推測 guess, conjecture 推理 reasoning, inference, deduction 推進 propulsion, drive, promotion (of a policy 措置 measure, step, action 掬う to scoop, to ladle out 掲げる to put up (a notice, sign, etc.) 掲載 publication (e.g. of an article in a newspaper), carrying (e.g. a story), running (e.g. a serial) 掻き回す to stir, to churn, to poke (a fire) 揃い set, suit, uniform collection 揉める to disagree, to dispute, to fight (over) 描写 depiction, description, portrayal 提供 offer, tender, providing 提携 cooperation, tie-up, joint business 提示 presentation (of a passport, ID, etc.) 換算 conversion (e.g. yen to dollars), change, exchange 揶揄う to tease, to make fun of, to poke fun at 揺さぶる to shake, to jolt, to rock 揺らぐ to swing, to sway, to shake 損なう to harm, to hurt, to injure 損失 loss (of assets, profit, etc.) 携わる to engage in, to participate in, to take part in 携帯 carrying (on one's person or in the hand), mobile phone, cell phone 摘む to pinch, to hold (between one's fingers), to pick up (with chopsticks 操る to operate (e.g. a machine), to handle, to manage 操縦 steering, piloting, flying 擦れる to be rubbed 擦れ違い passing each other, missing (meeting) each other, failing to meet 擽ぐったい ticklish, embarrassing 支持 support, backing, endorsement 改まる to be renewed, to change, to be improved 改修 repair, improvement 改定 revision (of a rule, price, etc.) 改悪 changing (something) for the worse, disimprovement, deterioration 改良 improvement, reform 改訂 revision (of text), alteration, change 改革 reform, reformation, reorganization 攻め attack, offence, offense 放り出す to forcefully excrete, to force out (of one's body), to push out 放り込む to throw into, to toss into 放出 release, emission, ejection 放射 radiation, emission 放射能 radioactivity 放棄 abandonment, renouncement, renunciation 放置 leaving as is, leaving alone, leaving to chance 政権 (political) administration, political power 政策 political measures, policy 故 happenstance, especially, intentionally 故人 the deceased, the departed, old friend 敏感 sensitive, alert, aware 救い help, rescue, aid 救援 relief, rescue 救済 salvation (from suffering based on Buddha's teachings) 敗戦 defeat, lost battle, losing a war 教え teaching, instruction, teachings 教員 teacher, instructor, teaching staff 教材 teaching materials 教科 subject, curriculum 教習 training, instruction 教職 the teaching profession, education of laity 教訓 lesson, precept, teachings 敢えて purposely (of something needless, unexpected or seemingly counterproductive, etc.) 散蒔く to scatter, to disseminate (e.g. a rumor), to spread (e.g. germs) 敬具 yours sincerely, sincerely yours, yours truly 数詞 numeral 整える to put in order, to arrange, to tidy up 整列 standing in a row, forming a line, alignment 整然 orderly, regular, systematic 文化財 cultural assets, cultural property 文書 document, writing, letter 文語 written language, literary language, classical (or formal) written style based on Heian-period Japanese 斑 spot, blemish, speck 料 fee, materials 斜面 slope, slanting surface, bevel 断然 firmly, flatly, resolutely 断言 assertion, declaration, affirmation 断面 section, cross section, profile 新 new 新人 newcomer, new figure, new member 新入生 new student, freshman, first-year student 新婚 newly-wed, newly married 新築 new building, new construction 新興 rising, developing, emergent 方式 form, method, system 方策 plan, policy 於 at, in, on 於いて at (a time or place), in, on 施す to give (time, money, goods) 施行 giving alms (to monks or the poor), almsgiving 施設 facility, facilities, institution 旅券 passport 旅客 passenger, traveller, traveler 既婚 married 日々 daily, everyday, days (e.g. of one's youth) 日の丸 red or gold circle representing the Sun, national flag of Japan, Japanese flag 日取り fixed date, appointed day 日向 Hyūga (former province located in present-day Miyazaki Prefecture), Hyūga (city) 日夜 day and night, around the clock, always 日当 exposure to the sun, sunny place, per day 日焼け sunburn, suntan, tan 日頃 usually, habitually, always 旦那 master (of a house, shop, etc.) 旧事 past events, bygones 旧知 old friend, old acquaintance 早める to bring forward (e.g. by 3 hours), to advance, to hasten (e.g. one's death) 早急 immediate, prompt, quick 昆虫 insect, bug 昇進 promotion, advancement, rising in rank 明々後日 in three days' time, two days after tomorrow 明かす to pass (the night), to spend, to reveal 明くる next (day, morning, etc.) 明るい light, bright, well-lit 明朗 cheerful, bright, clear 明白 plain, frank, candid 明瞭 clear, plain, distinct 易い easy, likely to ..., have a tendency to ... 星座 constellation, astrological sign, star sign 映える to look attractive, to look nice 映像 image (on a screen), picture (e.g. on a TV), video 映写 projection 是正 correction, revision, redressing 是非とも by all means, at all costs, absolutely 昼飯 lunch, midday meal 時刻表 timetable, schedule 時差 time difference 時折 sometimes, at intervals, occasionally 普遍 universal, general, ubiquitous 晴天 fine weather (i.e. little or no clouds), fair weather, clear weather 暗殺 assassination 暗示 hint, suggestion, clue 暗算 mental arithmetic 暦 calendar, almanac 暫く for a moment, for a minute, for a while 暴力 violence, mayhem 暴動 insurrection, riot, uprising 暴露 disclosure, exposure, revelation 暴風 storm, windstorm, gale 曖昧 vague, ambiguous, unclear 曲 bend, music, melody 曲がる to bend, to curve, to warp 書き取り writing down from other written material, writing kanji text from hiragana, transcription (of spoken material) 書き取る to write down (what someone says), to take down dictation, to take notes (e.g. of a lecture) 書評 book review 最善 the very best, utmost 最早 already, now, no longer 月並み every month, trite, commonplace 月謝 monthly tuition fee 月賦 monthly installment (instalment), monthly payment 有する to have, to possess, to own 有りのまま as it is, plain (truth), bare 有力 influential, prominent, leading 有望 promising, hopeful, full of promise 有様 state, condition, circumstances 有機 organic 有益 beneficial, profitable, useful 有難う thank you, thanks 朗読 reading aloud, recitation 望ましい desirable, hoped for, preferable 朝寝坊 sleeping late in the morning, sleeping in, lie-in 期 period, time, date 期日 fixed date, appointed date, set date 期末 end of term 未 un-, not yet, hitherto 未婚 unmarried, not yet married 未定 not yet fixed, undecided, pending 未熟 unripe, green, immature 未知 not yet known, unknown, strange 未練 lingering attachment, lingering affection, regret 未開 uncivilized, uncivilised, primitive 末期 last years, closing years, last days 本の mere, only, just 本体 substance, true form, true character 本名 real name 本場 home (of something), place famous for its ..., center (e.g. of manufacture) 本文 text (of a book, document, etc.) 本格 original method, original procedure, genuine way (of doing something) 本気 seriousness, earnestness, truth 本能 instinct 本質 essence, true nature, substance 本音 real intention, motive, true opinion 本館 main building (as opposed to an annex, outbuilding, etc.) 朽ちる to rot, to decay, to die in obscurity 杖 staff, cane 束の間 moment, brief space of time 束縛 restraint, restriction, fetters 条約 treaty, pact, convention 来場 attendance 杯 counter for cupfuls, wine glass, glass 林業 forestry 枚 sheet of..., counter for flat thin objects or sheets 果たして as was expected, just as one thought, sure enough 果たす to accomplish, to achieve, to carry out 果て end, extremity, limit 果てる to end, to be finished, to be exhausted 果ない fleeting, transient, short-lived 枠 frame, framework, spindle 染まる to be dyed, to be tainted, to be infected 染みる to become, to appear like, to have a touch of 染める to dye, to colour, to color 柔軟 flexible, lithe, soft 柱 pillar, post, cylinder 柵 stockade, fence, weir 栄える to shine, to glow, to look attractive 校 exam, school, printing 株式 share (in a company), stock 核 nucleus, core, kernel 根回し laying the groundwork, behind-the-scenes maneuvering, consensus-building process 根底 root, basis, foundation 根拠 basis, grounds, foundation 根本 root, source, origin 根気 patience, perseverance, persistence 格 status, rank, capacity 格差 qualitative difference, disparity, gap 栽培 cultivation 案じる to be anxious (about), to be concerned (about), to worry (about) 案の定 as expected, just as one thought, as feared 桐 paulownia 桟橋 wharf, bridge, jetty 梅干 umeboshi, pickled dried ume, pickled dried plum 梢 treetops, twig 棄権 abstention (from voting), renunciation (of a right), withdrawal (from a contest) 棟 ridgepole, ridge 植わる to be planted 植民地 colony, (Japanese) settlement (in Brazil) 検事 public prosecutor 業 business, vocation, arts 業務 business, work, operations 業績 achievement, performance, results 業者 trader, dealer, businessperson 極めて exceedingly, extremely, decisively 極楽 Sukhavati (Amitabha's Pure Land), paradise, heaven on earth 極端 extreme, extremity 楽しむ to enjoy, to take pleasure in, to have a good time 楽観 optimism, taking an optimistic view 楽譜 score, sheet music 概念 general idea, concept, notion 概略 outline, summary, gist 概説 overview, outline, rough summary 構え structure, construction, appearance 構える to set up (a house, store, etc.) 構想 plan, plot, idea 様式 style, form, pattern 様相 aspect, phase, condition 標語 motto, slogan, catchword 模倣 imitation, copying 模型 model, dummy, maquette 模範 exemplar, model, example 模索 groping (for), fumbling around (for), searching (for an answer 権 authority, power, rights 権力 (political) power, authority, influence 権威 authority, power, influence 権限 power, authority, jurisdiction 横綱 yokozuna (highest rank in sumo), grand champion, best in its field 樹木 tree, trees and shrubs 樹立 establishment, founding, setting (a record) 橋渡し mediation, good offices, go-between 機 loom, mechanism, machine 機構 mechanism, machinery, system 檻 pen, corral, cell 欠く to chip, to nick, to break 欠乏 deficiency, insufficiency, shortage 次いで next, secondly, subsequently 欲望 desire, appetite, lust 欲深い greedy 欺く to deceive, to delude, to trick 歎 grief, lamentation 歓声 cheer, shout of joy 止むを得ない cannot be helped, unavoidable 正しく right, rightly, correctly 正に exactly, just, precisely 正常 normal, regular 正当 just, justifiable, right 正義 justice, right, righteousness 正規 regular, normal, formal 正解 correct answer, right solution, correct interpretation 此の this, last (couple of years, etc.) 此れ this, this one, this person 此れ等 these 武力 armed might, military power, the sword 武装 arms, armament, taking up arms 歩 walk, counter for steps 歩み walking, pace, step 歩む to walk, to go on foot, to tread (a figurative path) 歪む to warp, to become strained, to become distorted 歯磨 dental brushing, brushing one's teeth, dentifrice 歯科 dentistry 歳 year-end, age, occasion 死 death, die 死刑 death penalty, capital punishment 殆ど almost, nearly, mostly 殊に especially, particularly, unusually 残酷 cruel, brutal, ruthless 残金 remaining money 残高 (bank) balance, remainder 殴る to strike, to hit, to beat 段々 gradually, by degrees, little by little 殺人 murder, homicide, manslaughter 殿 Mr., hall, mansion 殿様 nobleman, dignitary, lord 母校 alma mater 毎 every 比例 proportion, proportional representation section (of an election) 比率 ratio, proportion, percentage 比重 specific gravity, relative density, relative importance 毟る to pluck, to pick, to tear 民主 democracy, popular sovereignty, Democratic Party of Japan (1998-2016) 民俗 folk customs, folkways, ethnic customs 民宿 guest house, private home providing lodging for travelers, bed and breakfast 民族 people, race, nation 気まぐれ whim, caprice, fancy 気兼ね constraint, reserve, feeling hesitant 気品 elegance, refinement, grace 気楽 carefree, comfortable, at ease 気流 atmospheric current, air current, airflow 気立て disposition, nature 気触れる to develop a rash or inflammation (e.g. in response to a skin irritant), to react to (something), to be strongly influenced (usu. negative or critical nuance) 気象 weather (conditions), disposition, temperament 気質 disposition, temperament, nature 気軽 carefree, buoyant, lighthearted 気障 affected, smug, pompous 気風 character, disposition, spirit 水気 water content, moisture, juiciness 水洗 washing with water, rinsing, flushing 水源 source of river, fountainhead 水田 (water-filled) paddy field 氾濫 overflowing, flood, inundation 汚らわしい filthy, unfair, dirty 汚れ dirt, filth, stain 決まり悪い embarrassed, ashamed 決まる to be decided, to be settled, to be fixed 決勝 decision of a contest, finals (in sports) 決意 decision, determination, resolution 決断 decision, determination 決算 settlement of accounts, closing accounts, financial results 決行 doing (with resolve), carrying out (e.g. a plan) 決議 resolution, vote, decision 汽船 steamship, steamboat, steamer 沁み沁み keenly, deeply, fully 沈める to sink (e.g. a ship), to submerge, to lower (e.g. one's body into a chair) 沈殿 precipitation, deposition, settlement (e.g. of sediment) 沈没 sinking, foundering, going down 沈黙 Silence (1966 novel by Shūsaku Endō) 没収 seizure, confiscation, impounding 没落 ruin, fall, collapse 沢山 enough, too many, too much 河川 rivers 沸騰 boiling, seething, becoming heated (e.g. of a debate) 油絵 oil painting 治まる to die down (storm, anger, conflict 治安 Jian era (1021.2.2-1024.7.13) 治療 (medical) treatment, care, therapy 沼 marsh, lake, bog 沿い along (a river, coast, railway 沿う to run along, to run beside, to stick to (a line) 沿岸 coast, shore, coastal waters 沿線 places alongside a railway line, bus route, major thoroughfare 況して still more, to say nothing of, not to mention 泊 overnight stay, put up at, ride at anchor 法学 law, jurisprudence 法廷 court (of law), courtroom 法案 bill (law), measure 洋風 Western style 洒落る to dress stylishly, to joke, to play on words 津波 tsunami, tidal wave 洪水 flood, flooding 活ける to arrange (flowers), to plant, living 活発 lively, active, vigorous 派 faction, group, party 派遣 dispatch, despatch, deployment 流 current, a sink, flow 流し sink (e.g. in a kitchen), cruising (e.g. taxi), strolling (entertainer 流通 circulation (of money, goods, etc.) 浅ましい wretched, miserable, shameful 浜 seacoast, beach, seashore 浜辺 beach, foreshore 浪費 waste, extravagance 浮かぶ to float, to be suspended, to rise to the surface 浮力 buoyancy, floating power 浮気 extramarital sex, affair, fooling around 浴室 bathroom 海峡 channel (e.g. between two land masses), strait 海抜 height above sea level 海流 ocean current 海路 sea route 海運 maritime transport, shipping 浸す to soak, to dip, to steep 消去 erasure, deletion, elimination 消息 news (from someone), letter, contact 液 fluid, liquid, juice 涸れる to dry up (spring, pond, etc.) 深める to deepen, to heighten, to intensify 混む to be crowded, to be packed, to be congested 混同 confusion, mixing, merger 混血 mixed race, mixed parentage 添う to meet (wishes, expectations, etc.) 添える to garnish, to accompany (as a card does a gift), to add to as support 清々しい refreshing (e.g. feeling, scene, wind 清らか clean, clear, pure 清濁 good and evil, purity and impurity, voiced and unvoiced consonants 清算 (financial) settlement, squaring accounts, clearing debts 清純 purity, innocence 済ます to finish, to get it over with, to conclude 済まない inexcusable, unjustifiable, unpardonable 済みません excuse me, pardon me, I'm sorry 渋い astringent, bitter, puckery 減少 decrease, reduction, decline 減点 subtracting points, deducting points, points deducted 渡り鳥 migratory bird, bird of passage 渦 whirlpool, eddy, vortex 温和 mild (climate), temperate, clement 湿気る to get damp, to get moist, to get soggy 満たす to satisfy (conditions, one's appetite, etc.) 満場 whole house, whole audience 満月 full moon 源 source, origin 準じる to follow (a rule, precedent, etc.) 準ずる to follow (a rule, precedent, etc.) 準急 semi-express train, local express train, sub-express train 溜まり pile, pool, collection 溝 gutter, ditch, sewer 溢れる to spill, to fall out of, to overflow 溶液 solution (liquid) 滅びる to go to ruin, to go under, to fall 滅ぼす to destroy, to overthrow, to wreck 滅亡 downfall, ruin, collapse 滅茶苦茶 absurd, unreasonable, nonsensical 滑らか smooth (of a surface), glassy, velvety 滑稽 funny, comical, humorous 滞る to stagnate, to be delayed, to be left undone 滞納 falling behind (with a payment), being in arrears, non-payment 滲む to run (of liquid), to spread, to bleed 漁村 fishing village 漁船 fishing boat 漂う to drift, to float, to waft (e.g. a scent) 漏らす to let leak, to let out (e.g. light), to let out (a secret) 漏る to leak, to run out 漏れる to leak out, to escape, to come through 演じる to act (a part), to play (a role), to perform (a play 演ずる to act (a part), to play (a role), to perform (a play 演出 direction (of a play, film, etc.) 演習 practice, exercise, drill 漕ぐ to row, to paddle, to scull 漠然 vague, obscure, indistinct 漢語 Japanese word of Chinese origin, Sino-Japanese word, language of the Han people 潜入 infiltration, sneaking in, going undercover 潜水 diving, submerging, going underwater 潤う to become moist, to be moistened, to become damp 潮 tide, salt water, opportunity 澄ます to clear, to make clear, to be unruffled 激励 encouragement, spurring (on), cheering (on) 濫用 abuse, misuse, misappropriation 濯ぐ to rinse, to wash out, to have one's revenge 火星 Mars (planet) 火燵 kotatsu, table over an electric heater, with a hanging quilt to retain heat (orig. over a charcoal brazier in a floor well) 火花 spark 災害 calamity, disaster, misfortune 炒める to fry, to saute, to stir-fry 炙る to warm (e.g. one's hands over a fire), to dry, to toast 炭素 carbon (C) 点検 detailed inspection, thorough examination, checking 点火 light, lamp 点線 dotted line, perforated line 為さる to do 為来り custom, convention, tradition 焚火 open-air fire (e.g. for garden refuse), bonfire, open fire (e.g. in a kitchen) 無効 invalid, void, ineffective 無口 astomatous 無念 regret, chagrin, mortification 無意味 nonsense, no meaning, meaningless 無断 absence of permission, lack of permission, absence of (advance) notice 無用 useless, futile, unnecessary 無知 ignorance, innocence, stupidity 無礼 rude, impolite, discourteous 無線 radio (communication), wireless, not using wires 無能 incompetence, inefficiency, inability 無茶 absurd, unreasonable, ridiculous 無茶苦茶 nonsensical, unreasonable, absurd 無言 silence, stillness, quietness 無論 of course, certainly, naturally 無邪気 innocent, simple-minded 無闇に thoughtlessly, recklessly, rashly 無難 safe (e.g. choice), secure, innocuous 無駄遣い waste (of money, time, etc.) 焦げ茶 dark brown, olive brown 焦る to be in a hurry, to be impatient, to be anxious (to do) 然うして and, like that 然し however, but 然して (not) particularly, (not) especially, (not) very 然しながら however, nevertheless 然も moreover, furthermore, nevertheless 煌々 brilliant, bright, dazzling 煌びやか gorgeous, gaudy, dazzling 煙たい smoky, awkward, uncomfortable 煙る to smoke (e.g. fire), to billow smoke, to smoulder 煙草 tobacco 照り返す to reflect, to throw back light 照合 check (against), collation (with), comparison 照明 illumination, lighting 煩わしい troublesome, annoying, complicated 煽てる to flatter, to soft-soap, to sweet talk 熱意 zeal, enthusiasm, ardor 熱湯 hot bath, bath that is warmer than usual 熱量 quantity of heat (e.g. in calories, BTU, etc.) 燃料 fuel 燃焼 burning, combustion, exerting all strength 爆弾 bomb, alcohol with liquor added (esp. wine-based shōchū highball, also beer with whiskey) 爆破 destructive blast, blowing up, explosion 爽やか fresh, refreshing, invigorating 片付け tidying up, finishing 片思い unrequited love, one-sided love 片言 brief remark, few words, one side (e.g. of an argument) 版 printing block, printing plate, edition 版画 woodcut, woodblock print, art print 牧師 pastor, minister, clergyman 物体 superior airs, air of importance, overemphasis 物体ない wasteful, a waste, too good 物好き (idle) curiosity, fancifulness, whimsy 物置き storage room, storeroom, lumber room 物議 public discussion, public criticism, controversy 物資 goods, materials, commodities 物足りない unsatisfied, unsatisfactory, insufficient in some way 特技 special skill 特有 characteristic (of), peculiar (to) 特権 privilege, special right 特派 send specially, special envoy 特産 being produced in a particular region, local specialty 特許 patent, special permission, license 特集 feature (e.g. newspaper), special edition, report 犠牲 (living) sacrifice, victim, scapegoat 犯す to commit (e.g. crime), to perpetrate, to make (e.g. mistake) 状 status quo, conditions, circumstances 独創 originality 独占 monopoly, monopolization, exclusivity 独自 original, unique, distinctive 独裁 dictatorship, despotism, autocracy 猛烈 fierce, intense, severe 獣 animal, beast 獲得 acquisition, possession 獲物 prey, catch, kill 玄人 expert, professional, master 率いる to lead, to spearhead (a group), to command (troops) 率直 frank, candid, straightforward 玩具 toy 班 squad, corps, unit 現われ embodiment, manifestation, materialization 現われる to appear, to come in sight, to become visible 現像 development (of film), photographic processing 現地 actual place, actual location, the spot 現行 present, current, in operation 球根 (plant) bulb 理屈 theory, reason, logic 理性 reason, reasoning power, (one's) sense 理論 theory 甘える to behave like a spoiled child, to fawn on, to take advantage of 甘口 sweet flavour, sweet flavor, mildness 甚だ very, greatly, extremely 生かす to make (the best) use of, to put to good use, to leverage (skills 生まれつき by nature, by birth, naturally 生やす to grow, to cultivate, to let grow (e.g. weeds) 生死 life and death, life or death 生温い lukewarm, tepid, half-hearted 生理 physiology, menstruation, one's period 生真面目 overserious, deeply sincere, very earnest 生育 birth and growth, giving birth and raising, development 生臭い smelling of fish, fishy, smelling of blood 生計 livelihood, living 生身 living flesh, flesh and blood, physical body of Buddha or a bodhisattva 産む to give birth, to bear (child), to lay (eggs) 産休 maternity leave, paternity leave 産出 production, output, turning out 産婦人科 maternity and gynaecology department (gynecology), department of obstetrics and gynaecology (gynecology) 産後 after childbirth, postpartum 産物 product, produce, result 甥 nephew 用件 business, thing to be done, something that should be performed 用品 articles, supplies (e.g. office supplies), things (for) 用法 way of using (something), usage, use 用紙 blank form, sheets of paper, sheet of paper 田園 the country, countryside, rural districts 甲 armor, high (voice), A grade 申し入れる to propose, to suggest 申し出る to offer, to propose, to suggest 申し分 complaint, protest, objection 申し込み application, entry, request 申出 proposal, offer, request 申告 report, return (e.g. tax), statement 画 brush-stroke, picture 画期 transition from one epoch to another, change of era 畏まりました certainly! 畜生 damn it, damn, son of a bitch 畜産 animal husbandry, livestock industry 略奪 pillage, plunder, looting 略語 abbreviation, acronym 番目 joint, hinge 異動 (personnel) change, transfer, relocation 異性 the opposite sex, isomerism 異見 different opinion, different view, dissenting view 異論 different opinion, objection 異議 objection, dissent, protest 疎か not to mention ..., needless to say ..., not to speak of ... 疑惑 doubt, misgivings, distrust 疲労 fatigue, weariness, exhaustion 疾っくに long ago, a long time ago, already 病 ill, sick 病む to fall ill, to suffer from (e.g. a disease), to have something wrong with (e.g. an inner organ) 症 symptoms, illness 痒い itchy 痛む to hurt, to ache, to feel a pain 痛める sick, ill, ailing 痛切 keen, acute, heartfelt 痛感 feeling keenly, fully realizing 痺れる to become numb, to go to sleep (e.g. a limb), to get an electric shock 癌 cancer, cancerous evil 発 departure, discharge, publish 発作 fit, attack, spasm 発掘 excavation, exhumation, digging up 発条 spring (device) 発生 occurrence, incidence, outbreak 発病 onset of an illness, falling ill 発育 (physical) growth, development 発芽 germination, sprouting, budding 発言 statement, remark, observation 発足 starting, inauguration, launch 登校 attendance (at school), going to school 登録 registration, accession, register 白状 confession 百科事典 encyclopedia, encyclopaedia 百科辞典 encyclopedia, encyclopaedia 的 bull's eye, mark, target 皇居 Imperial Palace (of Japan), imperial residence 皺 wrinkles, creases, folds 益々 increasingly, more and more, decreasingly (when declining) 盗み stealing, theft 盛り上がる to swell, to rise, to bulge 盛大 grand, magnificent, lavish 盛装 dressing up in fine clothes, splendid clothes, one's best clothes 監視 monitoring, watching, observation 目付き look (in someone's eyes), expression (of the eyes), eyes 目方 weight 目盛 gradations (on a ruler, thermometer, etc.) 目眩 dizziness, giddiness, vertigo 目蓋 eyelid 目覚しい remarkable, striking, brilliant 目覚める to wake up, to awake, to awaken to (instinct 目論見 plan, scheme, plot 目録 catalogue, catalog, inventory 盲点 blind spot (on the retina), blind spot, weak point 直ぐ immediately, at once, right away 直感 intuition, instinct, hunch 直面 performing without a mask (noh) 相 inter-, mutual, together 相場 market price, speculation (e.g. on stocks), reputation (according to conventional wisdom) 相変わらず as usual, as always, as before 相対 relativity, relative, facing (e.g. a problem) 相応 suitable, appropriate, befitting 相応しい appropriate, adequate, suitable 盾 shield, escutcheon, pretext 省みる to reflect on (oneself, past conduct, etc.) 眉 eyebrow 看護 nursing, (army) nurse 真っ二つ in two equal parts 真に indeed, really, absolutely 真ん中 middle, centre, center 真ん丸い perfectly round, perfectly circular 真ん前 right in front, just opposite, under the nose 真上 right above, just above, directly above 真下 right under, directly below, right beneath 真実 truth, reality, truly 真心 sincerity, true heart, devotion 真珠 pearl 真理 truth 真相 truth, real situation 眠たい sleepy, drowsy 眩しい dazzling, radiant 眼球 eyeball 眼科 ophthalmology 着 don, arrive, wear 着工 starting (construction) work 着席 taking a seat, sitting down (in one's seat) 着手 starting work (on), setting to work (on), setting about (doing) 着目 attention, giving one's attention, focusing 着色 colouring, coloring, colorant 着陸 landing, alighting, touch down 着飾る to dress up 瞑る to close (one's eyes), to shut 瞬き blink (of eyes), wink, twinkling (of stars) 矢 dart, arrow 矢っ張り as expected, sure enough, just as one thought 矢鱈 indiscriminately, blindly, at random 知り合い acquaintance 知性 intelligence 知的 intellectual 短大 junior college, vocationally oriented two or three year post-secondary education institution 短歌 tanka, 31-mora Japanese poem 短気 short temper, quick temper, hot temper 短波 short wave 短縮 shortening, contraction, reduction 砂利 gravel, ballast, pebbles 研ぐ to sharpen, to hone, to whet 破壊 destruction, disruption, (application) crash 破損 damage, breakage 破棄 tearing up and discarding (e.g. documents), destruction, annulment 破裂 bursting, rupture, explosion 碁盤 Go board 碌な satisfactory, decent, good 碌に (not) well, (not) properly, (not) enough 碑 tombstone, monument 確り tightly (holding on), firmly, securely 確保 securing, obtaining, ensuring 確信 conviction, belief, confidence 確定 decision, settlement, confirmation 確立 establishment, settlement 磁器 porcelain, china, chinaware 磁気 magnetism 社 company, firm, office 社交 social life, social intercourse 社宅 company housing, housing provided by one's company 祈り prayer, supplication 祝賀 celebration, congratulations 神殿 temple, shrine, sanctuary 神秘 mystery, mysteriousness, secret 神聖 holiness, sacredness, sanctity 票 ballot, label, ticket 禁じる to forbid, to ban, to prohibit 禁ずる to forbid, to ban, to prohibit 禁物 thing that should be (carefully) avoided, no-no, thing to definitely not do 禅 Zen, silent meditation 福 blessing, fortune, luck 福祉 welfare, well-being, social welfare 私有 private ownership 私物 private property, personal belongings, personal effects 私用 personal use, private use, private business 科 department, course, section 秘書 (private) secretary, treasured book, secret book 秩序 order, discipline, regularity 称する to call, to name, to call oneself ... 移住 migration, move, emigration 移民 immigration, emigration, immigrant 移行 transition, changeover, switchover 稍 slightly 税務署 tax office 種々 various, a variety of, all kinds of 稲光 (flash of) lightning 穂 ear, ear (grain), head 積もり intention, plan, purpose 究極 ultimate, final, last 空しい empty, void, vacant 空ろ cavity, hollow, void 空腹 empty stomach, hunger 空間 vacancy, room for rent or lease, gap (between two objects) 突っ張る to cramp up, to tighten, to stiffen 突如 suddenly, all of a sudden, unexpectedly 突破 breaking through, breakthrough, penetration 窒息 suffocation, choking, asphyxia 窮乏 poverty, destitution, privation 窮屈 narrow, tight, cramped 立ち寄る to drop in (at), to drop by, to call at 立体 solid body, three-dimensional object, multi-storey car park 立方 cube 立法 legislation, lawmaking 竿 pole, rod, scale beam 第 No., residence 第一 first, foremost, number one 筈 notch of an arrow, ought, must 等級 grade, class, degree 筒 cylinder, pipe, tube 答え reply, response 策 scheme, plan, policy 箇所 place, point, part 箇条書き itemized form, itemised form, itemization 箇箇 individual, one by one, separate 箪笥 chest of drawers, bureau, cabinet 築く to build, to construct, to erect 篭る to shut oneself in (e.g. one's room), to be confined in, to seclude oneself 簡易 simple, simplified, easy 簡潔 concise, brief, succinct 簡素 simple, plain, modest 籤引 lottery, drawn lot 粉々 in very small pieces 粉末 fine powder 粋 chic, style, purity 粗筋 outline, summary, argument 粘り stickiness, viscosity, tenacity 粘る to be sticky, to be adhesive, to persevere 粥 rice gruel 精密 precise, exact, detailed 精巧 elaborate, delicate, exquisite 系 lineage, system 納まる to fit into (a box, frame, category 納入 payment (of taxes, fees, etc.) 紛らわしい easily mixed up (e.g. similar words), easily mistaken, confusing 紛れる to disappear into, to be lost in, to slip into 紛争 dispute, conflict, trouble 紛失 loss, going missing 素っ気ない cold, short, curt 素敵 lovely, wonderful, nice 素早い quick, swift, nimble 素朴 simple, artless, naive 素材 ingredient, (raw) material, resource 紡績 spinning (textiles), spun yarn 細やか small, little, tiny 細工 work, workmanship, craftsmanship 細胞 cell, cell (in an organization, esp. a communist party) 細菌 bacterium, bacteria, germ 紳士 gentleman 終わる to end, to come to an end, to finish 終始 beginning and end, doing something from beginning to end, being unchanged from beginning to end 終日 all day 組み合わせ combination, assortment, set 組み合わせる to put together, to combine, to join together 組み込む to insert, to include, to incorporate 経る to pass, to elapse, to go by 経歴 personal history, background, career 経緯 warp and weft, warp and woof 経費 expenses, expenditure, outgoings 経路 course, route, path 経過 passage (of time), elapsing, lapse 結び ending, conclusion, join 結び付き connection, relation 結び付く to be related, to be connected, to be joined together 結び付ける to tie (to), to fasten, to attach 結合 combination, union, joining 結成 formation, combination 結晶 crystal, crystallization, crystallisation 結束 union, unity, solidarity 結核 tuberculosis, TB, concretion 絡む to twine, to get tangled, to get entangled 給う to give, to do ... 給仕 waiting on a table, serving (at dinner), waiter 給食 provision of lunch (e.g. at office, school, etc.) 絨毯 carpet, rug, runner 統制 regulation, control 統合 integration, unification, unity 統治 rule, reign, government 統率 command, lead, generalship 絶える to die out, to peter out, to become extinct 絶つ to sever, to cut off, to suppress 絶望 despair, hopelessness 絶版 out of print 継ぎ目 joint, seam, joining point 継ぐ to succeed (a person, to a position, etc.) 網 netting, network 綴じる to bind, to file, to finish (a dish) by pouring beaten egg into the broth 綻びる to come apart at the seams, to be ripped, to be torn 緊急 urgency, emergency 総 general, whole, all 総会 general meeting 総合 synthesis, combination, integration 締め切り deadline, closing, cut-off 編 compilation, knit, plait 緩む to become loose, to slacken (e.g. rope), to become less tense 緩める to loosen, to slacken, to relax (attention 緩やか loose, slack, gentle (slope 緩和 relief, mitigation, alleviation 練る to knead, to thicken into a paste (stirring over a flame), to polish (a plan 縁側 engawa, external corridor on the outer side of traditional Japanese houses, bone at the base of a fin (esp. of a flatfish) 縁談 marriage proposal, marriage talks 縮まる to shorten, to narrow, to close 繁栄 prosperity, thriving, flourishing 繁殖 breeding, propagation, reproduction 繁盛 prosperity, flourishing, thriving 繊維 fibre, fiber 織 weave, fabric 織る to weave 織物 textile, fabric 繕う to mend, to patch up, to repair 纏まり unity, coherence, consistency 纏め summary, recapitulation, aggregation 罰 penalty, punishment 罵る to abuse (verbally), to curse at, to shout abuse at 美 beauty, beautiful 美味しい good(-tasting), nice, delicious 美術 art, fine arts 群 flock, group, crowd 群がる to swarm, to gather 群集 crowd, community, group 義理 duty, sense of duty, honor 老いる to age, to grow old 老ける to age, to grow old (esp. in appearance), to show marks of age 老衰 senility, senile decay, infirmity (through age) 考古学 archaeology, archeology 而も moreover, furthermore, nevertheless 耐える to bear, to stand, to endure 耕作 cultivation, farming 耳鼻科 otolaryngology, ear, nose 聖書 Bible, the Scriptures, Holy Writ 聞き取り listening comprehension, aural comprehension, hearing what others say 聳える to rise (of a building, mountain, etc.) 聴覚 (sense of) hearing, auditory perception 聴診器 stethoscope 聴講 lecture attendance, auditing 職務 professional duties 職員 staff member, employee, worker 肉体 the body, the flesh, the outer man 肉親 blood relationship, blood relative 肝心 essential, important, crucial 股 thigh, crotch 肥料 manure, fertilizer, fertiliser 育ち growth, breeding, growing up (in 育成 rearing, training, nurture 肺 lungs 背く to run counter to, to go against, to disobey 背後 back, rear, background 背景 background, scenery, backdrop 胴 trunk, torso, hull (ship) 脂肪 fat, grease, blubber 脅かす to intimidate, to frighten, to scare 脅す to threaten, to menace, to frighten (into doing) 脅迫 threat, menace, coercion 脆い brittle, fragile, weak 脈 vein, pulse, hope 脚本 script, screenplay, scenario 脚色 dramatization (e.g. of a novel), dramatisation, adaptation (for the stage or screen) 脱する to escape from, to get out 脱出 escape, getting away (from), getting out (of) 脱退 withdrawal (e.g. from an organization), secession, leaving 脳 brain, memory 腐敗 decomposition, putrefaction, putrescence 腕前 ability, skill, facility 腫れる to swell (from inflammation), to become swollen 腸 intestines, guts, bowels 腹立ち anger 腿 thigh, femur 膜 membrane 膨れる to swell (out), to expand, to be inflated 膨脹 expansion, swelling, increase 膳 small low table, tray 臆病 cowardly, timid, easily frightened 臍 navel 臨む to look out on, to overlook, to front onto 自ずから naturally, in due course, by itself 自主 independence, autonomy, self-reliance 自信 self-confidence, confidence (in oneself) 自動詞 intransitive verb 自在 being able to do as one pleases, doing at will, pothook 自尊心 self-esteem, self-respect, self-importance 自己 self, oneself 自惚れ conceit, vanity, pride 自我 ego, self, ego 自立 independence, self-reliance 自覚 self-consciousness, self-awareness 自転 rotation (on an axis), rotation (under its own power) 自首 surrender (to the authorities), giving oneself up, turning oneself in 至って very much, exceedingly, extremely 興じる to amuse oneself, to make merry 興奮 excitement, stimulation, agitation 興業 promotion of industry, inauguration of a new industrial enterprise 舗装 paving (a road), surfacing (with asphalt, concrete 舞う to dance (orig. a whirling dance), to whirl (in the wind), to flutter (about) 航海 (sea) voyage, navigation, sailing 船舶 vessel, ship, shipping 良い good, excellent, fine 良好 good, fine, excellent 良心 conscience 良識 good sense 良質 good quality, fine quality, superior quality 色々 various, a variety of, all sorts of 色彩 colour, color, hue 芝 turf, lawn 花びら petal 花壇 flower bed 花粉 pollen 苗 seedling, sapling, shoot 苛々 to get irritated, to get annoyed, to be on the edge 苛める to ill-treat, to bully, to torment 若し like, as if, the same as 若しかしたら perhaps, maybe, perchance 若しかして perhaps, possibly, maybe 若しかすると perhaps, possibly, maybe 若しくは or, otherwise 若しも if, in case, supposing 若干 some, few, a number of 苦しめる to torment, to pain, to inflict (physical) pain 英字 English letter, alphabetic character 英雄 hero, heroine, great person 茎 stalk, stem 茶の湯 tea ceremony, chanoyu 茶の間 (Japanese-style) living room 茹でる to boil (something in hot water), to treat with medicinal steam (a swelling, etc.) 草臥れる to get tired, to become exhausted, to grow weary 荒っぽい wild, violent, rough-mannered 荒らす to lay waste, to devastate, to damage 荒廃 ruin, destruction, devastation 荷 baggage, shoulder-pole load, bear (a burden) 荷造り packing, baling, crating 華々しい brilliant, splendid, glorious 華やか bright and beautiful, gorgeous, showy 華奢 lavish, luxurious, showy 華美 splendor, splendour, gorgeousness 萎びる to shrivel (e.g. cut vegetables, skin), to wilt 萎む to wither (of flowers, dreams, etc.) 落ちる to fall, to drop, to come down 落ち着き calmness, composure, presence of mind 落ち葉 fallen leaves, leaf litter, falling leaves 落ち込む to feel down, to feel sad, to be depressed 落とす to drop, to lose, to let fall 落下 fall, drop, descent 著 renowned, publish, write 著しい striking, remarkable, considerable 著名 famous, noted, eminent 著書 (written) work, book, writings 葦 reed, bullrush 葬る to bury, to inter, to entomb 蒸留 distillation 蓄積 accumulation, accumulate, store 蓮 lotus 蔵 storehouse, hide, own 蔵相 Minister of Finance 蕩ける to melt (and become soft or liquid), to be enchanted (by), to be charmed 蕾 bud (plants, mushrooms not yet opened) 薄弱 feebleness, weakness, weak 藁 straw 藻掻く to struggle, to writhe, to wriggle 蛋白質 protein 蜂蜜 honey 蜜 honey, nectar, molasses 蝶 butterfly 融資 financing, loan 融通 lending (money, commodities, etc.) 血管 blood vessel, vein 衆 masses, great numbers, multitude 衆議院 House of Representatives (lower house of the National Diet of Japan) 行 going, journey, carry out 行い deed, act, action 行き成り abruptly, suddenly, all of a sudden 行き違い crossing without meeting (e.g. letters in the post, people on the road), going astray 行員 bank clerk 行政 executive, government, administration 行為 act, deed, conduct 行進 march, parade 街道 highway (esp. one existing from the Edo period), main road, highway (e.g. to success) 街頭 (on the) street 衛生 hygiene, sanitation, health 衝撃 impact, shock, impulse 衣料 clothing 衣装 clothing, costume, outfit 衣類 clothes, clothing, garments 衰える to become weak, to decline, to wear 裁く to judge, to try, to sit in judgement (on) 裂ける to split, to tear, to burst 装備 equipment 装飾 ornament, decoration 裏返し inside out, upside down, flip side 補償 compensation, reparation 補充 replenishment, supplementation, supplement 補助 assistance, support, help 補強 reinforcement, strengthening 補給 supply, supplying, replenishment 補足 supplement, complement 裸足 barefoot, superior to (e.g. a professional), outdoing 製 made in..., manufacture 製法 manufacturing method, recipe, formula 製鉄 iron manufacture 裾 cuff, hem, foot of mountain 複合 composite, combined, complex 褒美 reward, prize 襟 collar, neck, lapel 襲う to attack, to assail, to make an assault 襲撃 (surprise) attack, assault, raid 西日 Spanish-Japanese (dictionary, translation, etc.) 要する to need, to demand, to take 要因 main cause, primary factor 要望 demand for, request 要請 appeal, call for something, request 覆す to overturn, to capsize, to upset 覆面 mask, veil, disguise 見すぼらしい shabby, unsightly, unkempt 見せびらかす to show off, to flaunt 見せ物 misemono, type of Edo- and Meiji-period side show often held outdoors or in small temporarily erected shacks on temple and shrine grounds, show 見っともない shameful, disgraceful, unsightly 見合い (formal) meeting with a view to marriage, interview with a prospective spouse, correspondence 見合わせる to exchange glances, to look at each other, to postpone 見地 point of view, viewpoint, standpoint 見掛ける to (happen to) see, to notice, to catch sight of 見方 viewpoint, point of view, way of looking (at something) 見晴らし (scenic) view, prospect, outlook 見渡す to look out over, to survey (scene), to take an extensive view of 見積り estimate, estimation, valuation 見舞 visit (to someone affected by illness or misfortune), call, inquiry (about someone's health) 見苦しい unsightly, ugly, unseemly 見落とす to overlook, to fail to notice, to miss (seeing) 見込み hope, promise, possibility 見逃す to miss, to overlook, to fail to notice 見通し unobstructed view, perspective, visibility 規制 regulation, (traffic) policing, control 規定 stipulation, prescription, provision 規格 standard, norm 規模 scale, scope, plan 規範 model, standard, pattern 規約 agreement, rules, code 視察 inspection, observation 視点 point of view, viewpoint, angle 視覚 (sense of) sight, eyesight, vision 視野 field of vision, view, one's outlook (e.g. on life) 覚え memory, sense, experience 親しむ to be intimate with, to befriend 親善 friendship, goodwill, friendly relations 観 outlook, look, appearance 観点 point of view, viewpoint, standpoint 観衆 spectators, onlookers, members of the audience 観覧 viewing 解剖 dissection, autopsy, postmortem examination 解除 termination (of a contract), cancellation, rescinding 言い訳 excuse, explanation 言伝 (oral) message, declaration, hearsay 言論 (one's) speech, expression of views, discussion 訂正 correction, revision, amendment 計器 meter, gauge 討論 debate, discussion 討議 debate, discussion 記す to write down, to note down, to jot down 記名 signature, signing one's name, writing one's name (on) 記載 mention (in a document), record, entry 記述 description, account 訪れる to visit, to call on, to arrive (of a season 設ける to prepare, to provide, to set up 設定 establishment, creation, posing (a problem) 設立 establishment, founding, incorporation (of a business) 設置 establishment, institution, installation (of a machine or equipment) 許容 permission, allowance, acceptance 訴え lawsuit, complaint 訴訟 lawsuit, suit, (legal) action 診療 diagnosis and treatment, medical care 証 evidence, proof, certificate 証人 witness 証拠 evidence, proof 証言 testimony, (verbal) evidence 詐欺 fraud, swindle, graft 試み attempt, trial, experiment 試みる to try, to attempt, to have a go (at) 詫び apology 詰まり that is to say, that is, in other words 詰らない dull, uninteresting, boring 詰る to rebuke, to scold, to tell off 話し合い discussion, talk, tête-à-tête 該当 corresponding to, being applicable to, being relevant to 詳細 details, particulars, specifics 誂える to give an order, to place an order, to have made to order 誇る to boast of, to be proud of, to take pride in 誇張 exaggeration 認識 recognition, awareness, perception 誘導 guidance, leading, induction 誘惑 temptation, allurement, lure 語句 words and phrases, words 語彙 vocabulary, lexicon, lexis 語源 origin of a word, derivation of a word, etymology 誠 sincerity, admonish, warn 誠実 sincere, honest, faithful 誤る to make a mistake (in), to commit an error, to do incorrectly 誤差 measurement error, calculation error 誤魔化す to deceive, to cheat, to swindle 説く to explain, to preach, to advocate 説得 persuasion 読み上げる to read out, to read aloud, to call out 読者 reader 課外 extracurricular 課題 subject, theme, issue 調べ investigation, inspection, examination 調停 arbitration, conciliation, mediation 調印 signature, signing, sealing 調和 harmony, accord, reconciliation 調理 cooking, food preparation 諄い repetitious, long-winded, tedious 論理 logic 論議 discussion, argument, debate 諦め resignation, acceptance, consolation 諮る to consult with, to discuss, to confer 諸 various, many, several 諸君 you (people), gentlemen, ladies and gentlemen 謙る to deprecate oneself and praise the listener, to abase oneself 講習 short course, training 講読 reading, translation 謝絶 refusal, declining 警戒 vigilance, caution, alertness 警部 police inspector 議事堂 assembly hall, parliament house, diet building 議案 legislative bill, measure, agenda item 議決 resolution, decision, vote 議題 topic of discussion, agenda 譲歩 concession, conciliation, compromise 護衛 guard, convoy, escort 豊作 abundant harvest, bumper crop 象徴 symbol (of something abstract), emblem, (symbolic) representation 貝殻 seashell, shell 負う to carry on one's back, to bear, to shoulder 負かす to defeat 負債 debt, liabilities 負傷 injury, wound 負担 burden, load, responsibility 財 property, money, wealth 財政 public finance, financial affairs, financial situation 財源 source of funds, resources, finances 貧乏 poverty-stricken, destitute, poor 貧困 poverty, penury, need 貧弱 poor, meagre, meager 貨幣 money, currency, coin 貫く to go through, to pierce, to penetrate 貫禄 presence, dignity 責務 duty, obligation 貯蓄 savings 貴い precious, valuable, priceless 貴女 you, noblewoman, lady 貴族 nobility, aristocracy, peerage 貶す to speak ill of, to disparage 費 expense, cost, spend 費やす to spend, to expend, to consume 賃金 wages, pay, rental payment 賄う to supply (goods, money, etc.) 資格 qualifications, requirements, capabilities 資産 property, fortune, means 資金 funds, capital 賑わう to be crowded with people, to be bustling with, to prosper 賛美 praise, glorification, extolment 賜る to be given, to be granted, to be honored with 賠償 compensation, reparations, indemnity 賢明 wise, sensible, well-advised 質疑 question, interpellation 質素 simple, plain, modest 賭け bet, wager, stake 賭ける to wager, to bet, to risk 購入 purchase, buying 購読 buying and reading (book, magazine, etc.) 購買 procurement, purchase, buying 贋物 spurious article, forgery, counterfeit 赤ちゃん baby, infant 赤らむ to become red, to redden, to blush 赤字 (being in) the red, deficit, red letter 走行 running (of a car, bus, etc.) 赴く to go in the direction of, to proceed toward, to proceed according to 赴任 moving to a different location to start a new job, (proceeding to) new appointment 起こす to raise, to raise up, to set up 起伏 undulation, ups and downs, highs and lows 起源 origin, beginning, source 起点 starting point, origin 超 transcend, super-, ultra- 趣 purport, gist, elegance 趣旨 meaning, point (e.g. of a statement), gist 足し算 addition 距離 distance, range, interval 跡切れる to break off, to come to an end, to be interrupted 跡継ぎ heir, inheritor, successor 跨がる to straddle, to sit astride, to mount 跨ぐ to step over, to step across, to stride over 踏まえる to be based on, to take into account, to build upon 踵 heel 蹴飛ばす to kick away, to kick off, to kick hard 躊躇う to hesitate, to waver 躓く to trip (over), to stumble, to fail 身なり dress, attire, clothing 身振り gesture, gesticulation, motion 身近 near oneself, close to one, familiar 躾 training, (kokuji) 軈て before long, soon, shortly 軋む to jar, to creak, to grate 軌道 orbit, trajectory, (railroad) track 軍事 military affairs 軍備 armaments, military preparations 軍服 military uniform 軍艦 warship, battleship 軒並み row of houses, every house, each house 転じる to turn, to shift, to switch 転任 change of post 転勤 job transfer, job relocation, intra-company transfer 転回 revolution, rotation, turn 転居 moving, changing residence, change of address 転換 conversion, diversion, changeover 転校 changing schools 転落 fall, tumble, spill 転転 moving from place to place, being passed around repeatedly, rolling about 軸 axis, pivot, stem 軽快 light (of movements), nimble, sprightly 軽減 abatement, reduction 軽率 rash, thoughtless, careless 軽蔑 contempt, scorn, disdain 辛うじて barely, narrowly, only just 辛抱 patience, endurance, perseverance 辞職 resignation 辞退 declining, refusal, nonacceptance 辟易 to be fed up (with), to be tired (of), to be bored (with) 農地 agricultural land, farmland 農場 farm (agriculture) 農耕 farming, agriculture, cultivation 辻褄 coherence, consistency 込める to load (a gun, etc.), to charge 辿り着く to (finally) arrive at, to reach (at last), to (manage to) get to 辿る to follow (a road, path, etc.) 迅速 quick, fast, rapid 近付く to approach, to draw near, to get close 近眼 nearsightedness, shortsightedness, myopia 近視 myopia, shortsightedness, nearsightedness 近郊 outskirts, environs (of a city), surrounding area 返る to return, to come back, to go back 返済 repayment, reimbursement, refund 返答 reply, answer 返還 return, restoration 迚も very, awfully, exceedingly 迫害 persecution, oppression 追い出す to expel, to drive out 追い込む to herd, to drive, to chase 追及 investigation (e.g. into someone's guilt), questioning, pressing 追放 exile, banishment, eviction 追跡 chase, pursuit, tracking 退化 degeneration, retrogression, atrophy 退学 dropping out of school, withdrawal from school, expulsion from school 退治 extermination, elimination, eradication 退職 retirement, resignation 送金 remittance, sending money 逃げ出す to run away, to flee, to make off 逃す to miss (e.g. a chance), to lose, to let get away 逃れる to escape 逃亡 escape, flight, running away 逃走 flight, desertion, escape 逆上る to go upstream, to go up (a river), to go back (to the past or origin) 逆立ち handstand, headstand, being upside down 逆転 reversal (of a situation), turnaround, turnabout 途上 on the way, en route, in the process of (development 途絶える to stop, to cease, to come to an end 通 traffic, pass through, avenue 通りかかる to happen to pass by 通常 usual, ordinary, normal 逞しい burly, strong, sturdy 造り making, forming, cultivating 連なる to extend, to stretch out, to stand in a row 連ねる to line up, to put in a row, to add (to a group) 連中 company, lot, people 連休 consecutive holidays 連帯 solidarity, joint, collective 連日 day after day, every day 連盟 league, federation, union 連邦 federation (of states), confederation, commonwealth 進み progress 進出 advance (into a new market, industry, etc.) 進化 evolution, evolution, becoming more advanced 進呈 presentation (e.g. of a gift) 進展 progress, development 進度 progress 進行 moving forward (e.g. of a vehicle), onward movement, progress (of work 進路 route, course, path 逸らす to turn away (one's eyes, face, etc.) 遂げる to accomplish, to achieve, to carry out 遅くとも at the latest 遅らす to delay, to postpone, to slow down 遅れ delay, lag, postponement 遊牧 nomadism 運命 fate, destiny, lot 運営 management, administration, operation 運搬 transport, transportation, conveyance 運用 making use of, application, practical use 運賃 (passenger) fare, freight rates, shipping expenses 運輸 transportation 運送 transport, freight, shipping 過ぎ past, after, too (much) 過ち fault, error, indiscretion 過労 overwork, strain 過多 excess, surplus, superabundance 過密 overcrowding, congestion, overpopulation 過疎 underpopulation, low population density, depopulation 道場 dojo, hall used for martial arts training, manda (place of Buddhist practice or meditation 達成 achievement, attainment, accomplishment 達者 in good health, healthy, well 違える to change, to alter, to run counter to 遠ざかる to go away, to become more distant, to fade away 遠回り detour, roundabout way 遠方 distant place, faraway land 遣い errand, mission, going on an errand 遣り通す to carry through, to achieve, to complete 遣る to do, to undertake, to perform 遥か far away, far off, far 適宜 suitable, appropriate, fitting 適応 adaptation, accommodation, conformity 適性 aptitude, aptness, suitability 遭難 (meeting with) disaster, (having an) accident, mishap 遮る to interrupt, to obstruct (a view, someone's way 選挙 election 選考 selection, choice, screening 遺跡 (archeological) remains, ruins, relics 避難 taking refuge, finding shelter, evacuation 還元 restoration, return, reduction 還暦 kanreki, one's 60th birthday (or 61st in the traditional age reckoning system) when one has lived through a full sexagenary cycle 邸宅 (large) house, residence, mansion 部 section, bureau, dept 部下 subordinate person 部門 division (of a larger group), branch, field 郷愁 nostalgia, homesickness 郷里 hometown, birthplace 配偶者 spouse, wife, husband 配分 distribution, allotment 配列 arrangement, disposition, array 配布 distribution 配慮 consideration, concern, attention 配給 distribution (e.g. films, rice), rationing (e.g. food 配置 arrangement (of resources), deployment, stationing 酪農 dairy farming 酷い cruel, heartless, hard 酸 acid, bitterness, sour 酸っぱい sour, acid 酸化 oxidation, oxidization 重 heavy, important, esteem 重んじる to respect, to honor, to honour 重んずる to honor, to honour, to respect 重宝 convenient, useful, handy 重複 duplication, repetition, overlapping 野党 opposition party, the opposition 野外 outdoors, outside, open air 野心 ambition, aspiration, sinister designs 野生 wild, growing wild, living in the wild 金槌 hammer, hopeless swimmer, person who can't swim 釣り fishing, angling, change (for a purchase) 釣鐘 temple bell, hanging bell, funeral bell 鈍る to become blunt, to grow dull, to become less capable 鈍感 thickheaded, insensitive, dull 鉄棒 metal rod, metal bar, iron rod 鉄片 iron scraps 鉄鋼 iron and steel 鉛 lead 鉱山 mine (ore) 鉱業 mining industry 鋏 scissors 鋸 saw (cuts wood) 錆び rust 錯覚 optical illusion, hallucination, misapprehension 錯誤 mistake, error, discrepancy 鍛える to forge, to temper, to drill 長 long, leader, superior 長々 for a long time, at (great) length, lengthily 長大 Nagasaki University (abbr) 長官 director (highest of the four administrative positions of the ritsuryō system), chief 長編 long (e.g. novel, film) 長閑 tranquil, calm, quiet 閉口 to be stumped, to be at a loss, to be at one's wits' end 閉鎖 closing, closure, shutdown 開催 holding (a conference, exhibition, etc.) 開拓 reclamation (e.g. of wasteland), cultivation, development 開発 development, exploitation (of resources) 間々 occasionally, now and then, sometimes 間もなく soon, shortly, before long 間柄 relationship, relation, terms (good 間違う to be mistaken, to be incorrect, to be wrong 関与 participation, taking part in, participating in 関税 customs (duties), duty, tariff 閲覧 inspection, reading, perusal 闇 get dark, gloom, disorder 防火 fire prevention, fire control, fireproofing 防衛 defense, defence, protection 阻む to keep someone from doing, to stop, to prevent 阻止 obstruction, prevention, hindrance 降伏 surrender, capitulation, submission 降水 rainfall, precipitation 限定 limit, restriction 除外 exception, exclusion 陰気 gloomy, dismal, miserable 陳列 exhibition, display, putting on show 陶器 Sue ware (type of unglazed pottery made from the middle of the Kofun era through the Heian era) 階 storey, stair, counter for storeys of a building 階層 class, level, stratum 階級 (social) class, rank, grade 隔たる to be distant 隔週 every other week, every two weeks 障る to be harmful to, to hinder, to interfere with 隠居 retirement (from work), leading a quiet life (after retirement), retired person 雄 masculine, male, hero 雅致 artistry, good taste, elegance 集まる to gather, to collect, to assemble 集計 totalization, totalisation, aggregation 雇用 employment, hire 雌 feminine, female 雑 miscellaneous 雑木 various kinds of small trees, assorted trees 雑談 chatting, idle talk 雑貨 miscellaneous goods, general goods, sundries 雛 chick, squab, duckling 難 difficult, impossible, trouble 難い difficult to ..., hard to ... 雨具 rain gear 雨天 rainy weather 雪崩 avalanche, snowslide 雫 drop, trickle, dripping 零す to spill, to drop, to shed (tears) 零れる to spill, to fall out of, to overflow 電源 source of electricity, electrical power, power (button on TV 電線 electric line, electric cable, power cable 震わせる to (make something) quiver, to shake, to tremble 霞む to become misty, to become hazy, to get blurry 露 dew, tears, expose 露骨 open, unconcealed, undisguised 青春 youth, adolescence, springtime of life 静止 stillness, rest, being stationary 静的 static 非 un-, mistake, negative 非行 delinquency, misconduct 非難 criticism, blame, censure 面する to face on, to look out on to 面会 meeting (face-to-face), seeing, visit 面白い interesting, fascinating, intriguing 面皰 pimple, acne 面目 face, honour, honor 革命 revolution, 58th year of the sexagenary cycle (in Onmyōdō) 革新 reform, innovation 鞠 ball 音色 tone color, tone colour, tone quality 頂 place on the head, receive, top of head 預金 deposit, bank account 頑丈 solid, firm, stout 頑固 stubborn, obstinate, pigheaded 領土 territory, domain, dominion 領地 territory, dominion, grounds (e.g. school) 領域 territory, domain, field 領海 territorial waters 頬っぺた cheek 頻りに frequently, repeatedly, often 頻繁 frequent, incessant 頼み depending on, dependent upon, relying on 顎 jaw, chin, gill 顔付き (outward) looks, features, face 願書 (written) application, written request, petition 類 sort, kind, variety 類似 resemblance, similarity, likeness 類推 analogy, analogical reasoning, analogical inference 顧みる to look back on (the past), to reflect on, to reminisce about 風俗 manners, customs, public morals 風土 natural features, topography, climate 風習 custom 風車 windmill, wind turbine, pinwheel (toy) 食い違う to not match well (e.g. at the seams), to not mesh properly (of gears), to differ (e.g. of opinions) 飲み込む to swallow, to gulp down, to understand 飼育 breeding, raising, rearing 飽和 saturation, satiation 養う to support, to maintain, to provide for 養成 training, education, development 養護 nursing, (protective) care 館 building, mansion, large building 饂飩 udon, thick Japanese wheat noodles 首脳 head, leader, top 首輪 (animal) collar, necklace, choker 首飾り necklace, choker 香辛料 spice, spices, condiment 馬鹿らしい absurd, foolish, stupid 馬鹿馬鹿しい absurd, ridiculous, silly 馴らす to accustom, to train (e.g. one's ear), to tame 馴れ馴れしい overly familiar, overfamiliar, too friendly 駄作 poor piece of work, rubbish, trash 駆けっこ (foot) race, sprint 駆ける to soar, to fly, to run 駆け足 running fast, double time, cantering 騒動 riot, rebellion, turmoil 騙す to trick, to cheat, to deceive 驚き surprise, astonishment, wonder 驚異 wonder, miracle, amazement 骨董品 curio, antique 高 tall, high, expensive 高まる to rise, to swell, to be promoted 高原 tableland, plateau 高尚 high, noble, refined 鬱陶しい gloomy (e.g. mood), depressing, irritating 魂 soul, spirit 鮮やか vivid, bright, brilliant 鳥居 torii (Shinto shrine archway) 麻 hemp, flax, numb 麻痺 paralysis, palsy, stupor 麻酔 anaesthesia, anesthesia 黄金 gold, gold coin, gold colour (color) 黒字 (being in) the black, surplus, black letter 黴菌 germ, germs, bacteria 鼾 snoring 齎らす to bring (news, knowledge, etc.)